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建筑用墙面涂料中有害物质限量
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GB 18582-2020
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标准编号: GB 18582-2020 (GB18582-2020)
中文名称: 建筑用墙面涂料中有害物质限量
英文名称: Limit of harmful substances of architectural wall coatings
行业: 国家标准
中标分类: G51
国际标准分类: 87.040
字数估计: 14,147
发布日期: 2020-03-04
实施日期: 2020-12-01
归口单位: 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部
提出机构: 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部
发布机构: 国家市场监督管理总局、国家标准化管理委员会
GB 18582-2020: 建筑用墙面涂料中有害物质限量
GB 18582-2020 英文名称: Limit of harmful substances of architectural wall coatings
1 范围
本标准规定了建筑用墙面涂料中对人体和环境有害的物质容许限量所涉及的产品分类、要求、测试方法、检验规则、包装标志、标准的实施。
本标准适用于直接在现场涂装、工厂化涂装,对以水泥基及其他非金属材料(木质材料除外)为基材的建筑物内表面和外表面进行装饰和保护的各类建筑用墙面涂料。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文
件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 1725-2007 色漆、清漆和塑料 不挥发物含量的测定
GB/T 3186 色漆、清漆和色漆与清漆用原材料 取样
GB/T 6682-2008 分析实验室用水规格和试验方法
GB/T 6750-2007 色漆和清漆 密度的测定 比重瓶法
GB/T 8170-2008 数值修约规则与极限数值的表示和判定
GB/T 9750 涂料产品包装标志
GB 15258 化学品安全标签编写规定
GB/T 23985-2009 色漆和清漆 挥发性有机化合物(VOC)含量的测定 差值法
GB/T 23986-2009 色漆和清漆 挥发性有机化合物(VOC)含量的测定 气相色谱法
GB/T 23990-2009 涂料中苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯含量的测定 气相色谱法
GB/T 23991-2009 涂料中可溶性有害元素含量的测定
GB/T 23992-2009 涂料中氯代烃含量的测定 气相色谱法
GB/T 23993-2009 水性涂料中甲醛含量的测定 乙酰丙酮分光光度法
GB/T 30647-2014 涂料中有害元素总含量的测定
GB/T 31414-2015 水性涂料 表面活性剂的测定 烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚
3 术语和定义
下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
建筑物
用建筑材料构筑的空间和实体,供人们居住和进行各种活动的场所。
注:例如,住宅、办公大楼、厂房、仓库、商场、体育馆、展览馆、图书馆、医院、学校、机场、车站、剧院、教堂等。
3.2
建筑用墙面涂料
涂覆在以水泥基及其他非金属材料(木质材料除外)为基材的建筑物内表面和外表面的墙面涂料。
3.3
装饰板涂料
涂覆在建筑物墙体表面用具有保温、装饰等功能的板状制品(金属材质除外)上的一类涂料。
注:装饰板主要有无石棉硅酸钙板、无石棉纤维水泥板、天然花岗岩薄石材、玻璃、瓷板、陶板等。
3.4
效应颜料
通常为片状颜料,除提供颜色外还能提供一些其他性能,如彩虹色(光在薄层上发生干涉而形成),
随角异色(颜色变换,颜色跳跃、颜色明暗变化)或纹理。
3.5
挥发性有机化合物
VOC
参与大气光化学反应的有机化合物,或者根据有关规定确定的有机化合物。
3.6
挥发性有机化合物含量
VOC含量
在规定的条件下测得的涂料中存在的挥发性有机化合物的质量。
3.7
施工状态
在施工方式和施工条件满足相应产品技术说明书中的要求时,产品所有组分混合后,可以进行施工
的状态。
4 产品分类
本标准将建筑用墙面涂料分为:水性墙面涂料、装饰板涂料。其中,水性墙面涂料分为:内墙涂料、外墙涂料、腻子;外墙涂料又分为含效应颜料类和其他类。装饰板涂料分为:水性装饰板涂料、溶剂型装饰板涂料;水性装饰板涂料又分为合成树脂乳液类和其他类,溶剂型装饰板涂料又分为含效应颜料类和其他类。
5 要求
5.1 水性墙面涂料中有害物质限量的限量值应符合表1的要求。
5.2 装饰板涂料中有害物质限量的限量值应符合表2的要求。
6 测试方法
6.1 取样
按GB/T 3186的规定取样,也可按商定方法取样。取样量根据检验需要确定。
6.2 试验方法
6.2.1 VOC含量
6.2.1.1 密度
按GB/T 6750-2007的规定进行,试验温度为(23±0.5)℃。
6.2.1.2 水性墙面涂料和水性装饰板涂料中VOC含量
按GB/T 23986-2009的规定进行。色谱柱采用中等极性色谱柱(6%氰丙苯基/94%聚二甲基硅
氧烷毛细管柱),标记物为己二酸二乙酯。称取试样约1g;校准化合物包括但不限于甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、三乙胺、二甲基乙醇胺、2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、二乙二醇、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇等。水分含量的测定,按附录A的规定进行。腻子样品不做水分含量和密度的测试。
涂料中VOC含量的计算,按GB/T 23986-2009中10.4进行,检出限为2g/L;腻子中VOC含量
的计算,按GB/T 23986-2009中10.2进行,并换算成克每千克(g/kg)表示,检出限为1g/kg。
6.2.1.3 溶剂型装饰板涂料中VOC含量
按GB/T 23985-2009的规定进行。不挥发物含量按GB/T 1725-2007的规定进行,称取试样约
1g,烘烤条件为(105±2)℃/1h。不测水分,水分含量设为零。
6.2.2 甲醛含量
按GB/T 23993-2009的规定进行。
6.2.3 苯系物总和含量、苯含量、甲苯与二甲苯(含乙苯)总和含量
水性墙面涂料中苯系物含量的测定,按GB/T 23990-2009中B法的规定进行;水性墙面涂料中苯
系物含量的计算,按GB/T 23990-2009中9.4.3进行。
溶剂型装饰板涂料中苯含量、甲苯与二甲苯(含乙苯)含量的测定,按GB/T 23990-2009中A法
的规定进行;溶剂型装饰板涂料中苯含量、甲苯与二甲苯(含乙苯)含量的计算,按GB/T 23990-2009
中8.4.3进行。
按GB/T 30647-2014的规定进行。
6.2.5 可溶性重金属含量
按GB/T 23991-2009的规定进行。
6.2.6 烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚总和含量
按GB/T 31414-2015的规定进行。
6.2.7 乙二醇醚及醚酯总和含量
按GB/T 23986-2009的规定进行。乙二醇醚及醚酯含量的计算,按GB/T 23986-2009中10.2
进行,并换算成毫克每千克(mg/kg)表示。
6.2.8 卤代烃总和含量
7 检验规则
7.1 型式检验
7.1.1 在正常生产情况下,每年至少进行一次型式检验,型式检验项目包括本标准所列的全部要求。
7.1.2 有下列情况之一时应随时进行型式检验:
---新产品最初定型时;
---产品异地生产时;
---生产配方、工艺及原材料有较大改变时;
---停产三个月后又恢复生产时。
7.2 检验结果的判定
7.2.2 粉状腻子(除仅以水稀释的粉状腻子外)、装饰板涂料报出检验结果时,应同时注明产品的施工状态下的施工配比。
7.2.3 所有项目的检验结果均达到本标准的要求时,产品为符合本标准要求。
8 包装标志
8.1 产品包装标志除应符合GB/T 9750的规定外,按本标准检验合格的产品可在包装标志上明示。
8.2 产品中生物杀伤剂应按GB 15258的规定进行危害性标识。
8.3 包装标志上或产品说明书中应明确施工状态下的施工配比。
8.4 包装标志上或产品说明书中应标明符合本标准的分类和产品类型。
8.5 对于聚氨酯类、环氧类等多组分固化的涂料应在包装标志上或产品说明书中标明适用期。
9 标准的实施
9.2 涂装现场对施工状态下的涂料产品抽查时,对于聚氨酯类、环氧类等多组分固化的涂料品种抽样检验,应在产品适用期内进行检验。
GB 18582-2020
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 87.040
G 51
Replacing GB 18582-2008, GB 24408-2009
Limit of harmful substances of architectural wall
coatings
ISSUED ON: MARCH 04, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: DECEMBER 01, 2020
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 Product classification ... 8
5 Requirements ... 8
6 Test methods ... 10
7 Inspection rules ... 11
8 Packaging marks ... 12
9 Implementation of standards ... 12
Appendix A (Normative) Determination of moisture content - Gas
chromatography ... 14
References ... 18
Limit of harmful substances of architectural wall
coatings
1 Scope
This standard stipulates the product classification, requirements, test methods,
inspection rules, packaging marks, standard implementation related to the
allowable limits of substances harmful to humans and the environment in
architectural wall coatings.
This standard is applicable to all kinds of architectural wall coatings that are
directly painted on site and factory-applied to decorate and protect the inner
and outer surfaces of buildings based on cement-based and other non-metallic
materials (except wood materials).
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) are applicable to this standard.
GB/T 1725-2007 Paints, varnishes and plastics - Determination of non-
volatile-matter content
GB/T 3186 Paints varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes -
Sampling
GB/T 6682-2008 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test
methods
GB/T 6750-2007 Paints and varnishes - Determination of density -
Pycnometer method
GB/T 8170-2008 Rules of rounding off for numerical values & expression
and judgement of limiting values
GB/T 9750 Marks for package of coating products
GB 15258 General rules for preparation of precautionary label for chemicals
GB/T 23985-2009 Paints and varnishes - Determination of volatile organic
Decorative panel coatings
A type of coating applied to panel-like products (except metal materials) with
functions of heat preservation and decoration on the surface of building walls.
Note: The decorative panels mainly include non-asbestos calcium silicate
board, non-asbestos fiber cement board, natural granite thin stone, glass,
porcelain board, ceramic board, etc.
3.4
Effect pigment
Usually flake pigments, in addition to providing color, which can also provide
some other properties, such as iridescence (formed by light due to
interference in a thin layer), optically variable color (color change, color jump,
color shading) or texture.
[GB/T 5206-2015, definition 2.91]
3.5
Volatile organic compound
Organic compounds participating in atmospheric photochemical reactions,
or organic compounds determined according to relevant requirements.
3.6
Volatile organic compound content
VOC content
The mass of volatile organic compounds present in the coating as measured
under specified conditions.
[GB/T 5206-2015, definition 2.271]
3.7
When the construction method and application conditions meet the
requirements in the technical specifications of the corresponding product,
after all the components of the product are mixed, the conditions that the
application can be performed.
6 Test methods
6.1 Sampling
It performs sampling according to the provisions of GB/T 3186, or sampling
according to the agreed method. The sampling volume is determined according
to testing needs.
6.2.1 VOC content
6.2.1.1 Density
It is performed according to the provisions of GB/T 6750-2007. The test
temperature is (23 ± 0.5) °C.
6.2.1.2 VOC content in water-based wall coatings and water-based
decorative panel coatings
It is performed according to the provisions of GB/T 23986-2009. The
chromatographic column uses medium-polarity column (6% cyanopropylphenyl
/ 94% polydimethylsiloxane capillary column); the label is diethyl adipate. Weigh
to methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol,
triethylamine, dimethylethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, ethylene
glycol, 1,2-propanediol, diethylene glycol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, etc.
The determination of moisture content is carried out in accordance with the
provisions of Appendix A. Putty samples are not subject to the test of moisture
content and density.
The calculation of the VOC content in the paint is carried out according to 10.4
in GB/T 23986-2009; the detection limit is 2 g/L. The calculation of the VOC
content in the putty is carried out according to 10.2 in GB/T 23986-2009 and
6.2.1.3 VOC content in solvent-based decorative panel coatings
It is performed according to the provisions of GB/T 23985-2009. The content of
non-volatile matter is tested in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1725-
2007. Weigh about 1 g of the sample and the baking condition is (105 ± 2) °C/1
h. The moisture is not tested; the moisture content is set to zero.
The calculation of VOC content is carried out according to 8.3 in GB/T 23985-
2009.
6.2.2 Formaldehyde content
7.1.2 The type inspection shall be carried out at any time when one of the
- When the new product is initially type-finalized;
- When the product is produced off-site;
- When there are major changes in production formulas, processes and raw
materials;
- When production is resumed after three months of suspension.
7.2 Determination of test results
7.2.1 Judgment of test results shall be carried out according to the comparison
method of rounding-off value in GB/T 8170-2008.
7.2.2 For powdery putty (except for powdery putty diluted only with water) and
indicate the construction ratio of the product under the application condition.
7.2.3 When the inspection results of all items meet the requirements of this
standard, the product is deemed as complying with the requirements of this
standard.
8 Packaging marks
8.1 In addition to the provisions of GB/T 9750, for the product’s packaging mark,
it shall be clearly indicated on the packing mark of the product which had
passed the inspection according to this standard.
8.2 The biocide in the product shall be marked for hazard according to the
8.3 The packaging mark or the product manual shall indicate the construction
ratio in the application condition.
8.4 The packaging mark or the product manual shall indicate the classification
and product type in accordance with this standard.
8.5 For polyurethane, epoxy and other multi-component cured coatings, the
packaging mark or the product manual shall indicate the application period.
9 Implementation of standards
9.1 Solvent-based wall coatings for buildings shall not be used in the field
coating since the implementation of this standard.
(Normative)
Determination of moisture content - Gas chromatography
A.1 Reagents and materials
A.1.1 Distilled water: Meet the requirements of the grade III water in GB/T 6682-
2008.
A.1.2 Dilution solvent: The organic solvent used to dilute the sample and dried
by molecular sieve does not contain any substance that interferes with the test.
The purity is at least 99% (mass fraction) or of known purity. For example,
dimethylformamide.
dried by molecular sieve. The compound can be completely separated from
other components on the chromatogram. The purity is at least 99% (mass
fraction) or of known purity. For example, isopropyl alcohol.
A.1.4 Molecular sieve: Pore size is 0.2 nm ~ 0.3 nm; particle size is 1.7 mm ~
5.0 mm. The molecular sieve shall be used after regeneration.
A.1.5 Carrier gas: Hydrogen or helium, purity ≥ 99.995%.
A.2 Instruments
A.2.1 Gas chromatograph: It is equipped with thermal conductivity detector and
programmed temperature-rising controller.
Note: Other chromatographic columns that meet the inspection requirements can also
be used.
A.2.3 Sample injector: Micro syringe, 10 μL.
A.2.4 Sample preparation bottle: Glass bottle of about 10 mL, which has a
sealable bottle cap.
A.2.5 Balance: The actual scale value d = 0.1 mg.
A.3 Gas chromatography test conditions
A.3.1 Column: Capillary column of styrene-divinylbenzene porous polymer, 25
m × 0.53 mm × 10 μm.
R - The relative response factor of water;
mi - The mass of the internal standard, in grams (g);
Aw - Peak area of water;
A0 - Peak area of water in blank sample;
mw - Mass of water, in grams (g);
Ai - Peak area of internal standard.
Make two parallel tests. Take the average of the results of the two tests. The
relative deviation shall be less than 5%.
A.4.2 Sample analysis
standard (A.1.3) that is approximately equal to the water content in the sample
preparation bottle (A.2.4), accurate to 0.1 mg. Record the mass ms of the
specimen and the mass mi of the internal standard. Then add 5 mL of dilution
solvent (A.1.2) (the volume of dilution solvent can be adjusted according to the
state of the sample). Seal the sample preparation bottle (A.2.4) and shake it
uniformly. At the same time, prepare a mixture of internal standard and diluted
solvent without specimen as a blank sample. Shake vigorously or sonicate the
sample bottle (A.2.4) containing the specimen for 15 minutes; let it be standing
for 5 min to let it settle [to make the specimen settle as soon as possible, it may
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