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工业防护涂料中有害物质限量
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GB 30981-2020
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标准编号: GB 30981-2020 (GB30981-2020)
中文名称: 工业防护涂料中有害物质限量
英文名称: Limit of harmful substances of industrial protective coatings
行业: 国家标准
中标分类: G51
国际标准分类: 87.040
字数估计: 21,282
发布日期: 2020-03-04
实施日期: 2020-12-01
归口单位: 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部
提出机构: 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部
发布机构: 国家市场监督管理总局、国家标准化管理委员会
GB 30981-2020: 工业防护涂料中有害物质限量
GB 30981-2020 英文名称: Limit of harmful substances of industrial protective coatings
1 范围
本标准规定了工业防护涂料中对人体和环境有害的物质容许限量所涉及的产品分类、要求、测试方法、检验规则、包装标志、标准的实施。
本标准适用于除腻子以外的对金属、混凝土、塑胶等表面进行防护的各类工业防护涂料(船舶涂料除外)。
本标准不适用于航空航天涂料、核电涂料、军事装备和设施用涂料。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文
件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 1725-2007 色漆、清漆和塑料 不挥发物含量的测定
GB/T 3186 色漆、清漆和色漆与清漆用原材料 取样
GB/T 6682-2008 分析实验室用水规格和试验方法
GB/T 6750-2007 色漆和清漆 密度的测定 比重瓶法
GB/T 8170-2008 数值修约规则与极限数值的表示和判定
GB/T 9750 涂料产品包装标志
GB/T 9758.5-1988 色漆和清漆 “可溶性”金属含量的测定 第5部分:液体色漆的颜料部分
或粉末状色漆中六价铬含量的测定 二苯卡巴肼分光光度法
GB/T 9760-1988 色漆和清漆 液体或粉末状色漆中酸萃取物的制备
GB/T 23985-2009 色漆和清漆 挥发性有机化合物(VOC)含量的测定 差值法
GB/T 23986-2009 色漆和清漆 挥发性有机化合物(VOC)含量的测定 气相色谱法
GB/T 23990-2009 涂料中苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯含量的测定 气相色谱法
GB/T 23992-2009 涂料中氯代烃含量的测定 气相色谱法
GB/T 30647-2014 涂料中有害元素总含量的测定
GB/T 34675-2017 辐射固化涂料中挥发性有机化合物(VOC)含量的测定
GB/T 34682-2017 含有活性稀释剂的涂料中挥发性有机化合物(VOC)含量的测定
GB/T 36488-2018 涂料中多环芳烃的测定
3 术语和定义
下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
工程机械
土方工程、石方工程、混凝土工程及各类建筑安装工程在综合机械化施工过程中所使用的作业机械设备。
注:例如,工业车辆、建筑机械、线路机械、市政环卫机械、电梯及扶梯、气动工具等。
3.2
农业机械
在作物种植业和畜牧业生产过程中,以及农、畜产品初加工和处理过程中所使用的各种机械。
注:例如,农用动力机械、农田建设机械、土壤耕作机械、种植和施肥机械、植物保护机械、农田排灌机械、作物收获机械、农产品加工机械、畜牧业机械和农业运输机械等。
3.3
港口机械
在港口从事船舶的货物装卸,库场进行货物堆码、拆垛和转运,以及船舱内、车厢内、仓库内货物搬
运等作业的机械设备。
注:例如,起重机械、装卸车辆、输送机械、搬运机械等。
3.4
化工机械
在化学工业生产中所用的机器和设备的总称。
注:例如,各种过滤机、破碎机、离心分离机、旋转窑、搅拌机、旋转干燥机以及流体输送机械等化工机器,各种容器(槽、罐、釜等)、普通窑、塔器、反应器、换热器、普通干燥器、蒸发器,反应炉、电解槽、结晶设备、传质设备、吸附设备、流态化设备、普通分离设备以及离子交换设备等化工设备。
3.5
建筑物
用建筑材料构筑的空间和实体,供人们居住和进行各种活动的场所。
注:例如,住宅、办公大楼、厂房、仓库、商场、体育馆、展览馆、图书馆、医院、学校、机场、车站、剧院、教堂等。
3.6
构筑物
为某种使用目的而建造的、人们一般不直接在其内部进行生产和生活活动的工程实体或附属建筑设施。
注:例如,桥梁、铁塔、碑塔、电视塔、护栏、电力设施、石化设施、近海设施等结构。
3.7
集装箱
一种供货物运输的设备,应满足以下条件:
a) 具有足够的强度和刚度,可长期反复使用;
b) 适于一种或多种运输方式载运,在途中转运时,箱内货物不需换装;
c) 具有便于快捷装卸和搬运的装置,特别是从一种运输方式转移到另一种运输方式;
d) 便于货物的装满或卸空;
e) 具有1m3 及其以上的容积;
f) 是一种按照确保安全的要求进行设计,并具有防御无关人员轻易进入的货运工具。
3.8
包装
为在流通过程中保护产品、方便贮运、促进销售,按一定技术方法而采用的容器、材料及辅助物等的总体名称。
注:例如,饮料罐、食品罐、化工桶、钢桶、不粘锅等。
3.9
型材
以铝、铁或钢以及具有一定强度和韧性的材料通过轧制、挤出、铸造等工艺制成的具有一定几何形状的物体。
注:例如,铝型材、塑料型材等。
3.10
电子电器
依靠电流或电磁场工作或者以产生、传输和测量电流和电磁场为目的,额定工作电压为直流电不超过1500V、交流电不超过1000V的设备及配套产品。其中涉及电能生产、传输和分配的设备除外。
3.11
预涂卷材
在成卷的金属薄板上涂覆涂料或层压塑料薄膜后,以成卷或单张形式出售的有机材料/金属复合板材。
注:例如,建筑板、家电板等。
3.12
车间底漆
< 通用 >一种保护涂料,在车间施涂于工件,随后在现场施涂面漆。
效应颜料
通常为片状颜料,除提供颜色外还能提供一些其他性能,如彩虹色(光在薄层上发生干涉而形成),
随角异色(颜色变换,颜色跳跃、颜色明暗变化)或纹理。
3.14
挥发性有机化合物 VOC
参与大气光化学反应的有机化合物,或者根据有关规定确定的有机化合物。
3.15
挥发性有机化合物含量
VOC含量
3.16
施工状态
在施工方式和施工条件满足相应产品技术说明书中的要求时,产品所有组分混合后,可以进行施工
的状态。
4 产品分类
本标准将工业防护涂料分为水性涂料、溶剂型涂料、无溶剂涂料、辐射固化涂料、粉末涂料。其中,水性涂料分为机械设备涂料、建筑物和构筑物防护涂料(建筑用墙面涂料除外)、集装箱涂料、包装涂料、型材涂料(含金属底材幕墙板涂料)、电子电器涂料;溶剂型涂料分为机械设备涂料、建筑物和构筑物防护涂料、集装箱涂料、预涂卷材涂料、包装涂料、型材涂料(含金属底材幕墙板涂料)、电子电器涂料;辐射固化涂料分为水性和非水性。
5 要求
5.1 除特殊功能性涂料以外的各类工业防护涂料中VOC含量的限量值应符合表1、表2、表3、表4的要求。
注:特殊功能性涂料是指绝缘涂料、触摸屏和光学塑料片用耐指纹涂料、150℃以上高温烧结成膜的聚四氟乙烯类涂料(耐化学介质、耐磨、润滑、不粘等特殊功能)、弹性体用氟硅涂料、电镀银效果漆(辐射固化型)、标志漆、电子元器件用保护涂料(防酸雾、防尘、防湿等特殊功能)等。
的要求;无溶剂涂料中VOC含量的限量值应符合表3的要求;辐射固化涂料中VOC含量的限量值应
符合表4的要求。当涂料产品明示适用于多种用途时,应符合各要求中最严格的限量值要求。
水性涂料和水性辐射固化涂料所有项目均不考虑水的稀释比例;其他类型涂料按产品明示的施工
状态下的施工配比混合后测定,如多组分的某组分使用量为某一范围时,应按照产品施工状态下的施工配比规定的最大比例混合后进行测定。
5.2 各类工业防护涂料中除VOC含量以外其他有害物质含量的限量值应符合表5的要求。
6 测试方法
6.1 取样
按GB/T 3186的规定取样,也可按商定方法取样。取样量根据检验需要确定。
6.2 试验方法
6.2.1.1 密度
按GB/T 6750-2007的规定进行,试验温度为(23±0.5)℃。
6.2.1.2 水性涂料中VOC含量
先按附录A的规定,测定水性涂料中水分含量。
如涂料中水分含量大于或等于70%(质量分数),按GB/T 23986-2009的规定进行。称取试样约
1g;色谱柱采用中等极性色谱柱(6%氰丙苯基/94%聚二甲基硅氧烷毛细管柱),标记物为己二酸二乙酯。VOC含量按GB/T 23986-2009中10.4计算。
如涂料中水分含量小于70%(质量分数),按GB/T 23985-2009的规定进行。不挥发物含量按
GB/T 1725-2007的规定进行,称取试样约1g,烘烤条件为(105±2)℃/1h。VOC 含量按
GB/T 23985-2009中8.4计算。
不含活性稀释剂和水的溶剂型涂料按 GB/T 23985-2009的规定进行。不挥发物含量按
GB/T 1725-2007的规定进行,称取试样约1g,烘烤条件为(105±2)℃/1h;不测水分,水分含量设为
零。不含活性稀释剂和水的溶剂型涂料中VOC含量的计算,按GB/T 23985-2009中8.3进行。
含活性稀释剂的溶剂型涂料按6.2.1.4的规定进行。
有意添加水的溶剂型涂料按GB/T 23985-2009的规定进行。不挥发物含量按GB/T 1725-2007
的规定进行,称取试样约1g,烘烤条件为(105±2)℃/1h;水分含量的测定,按附录 A的规定进行。
VOC含量的计算,按GB/T 23985-2009中8.4进行。
6.2.1.4 无溶剂涂料中VOC含量
按GB/T 34682-2017的规定进行。不挥发物含量测定时的放置时间为标准试验环境[温度
不测水分,水分含量设为零。
VOC含量的计算,按GB/T 34682-2017中8.3进行。
6.2.1.5 辐射固化涂料中VOC含量
按GB/T 34675-2017的规定进行。
水性辐射固化涂料中VOC含量的计算,按GB/T 34675-2017中8.4进行;水分含量的测定,按附
录A的规定进行。非水性辐射固化涂料中VOC含量的计算,按GB/T 34675-2017中8.3进行;不测
水分,水分含量设为零。
6.2.2 苯含量、甲苯与二甲苯(含乙苯)总和含量
按GB/T 23990-2009中A 法的规定进行。苯含量、甲苯与二甲苯(含乙苯)含量的计算,按
6.2.3 卤代烃总和含量
按GB/T 23992-2009的规定进行。卤代烃含量的计算,按GB/T 23992-2009中8.5.2进行。
6.2.4 多环芳烃总和含量
按GB/T 36488-2018的规定进行。
6.2.5 甲醇含量
按GB/T 23986-2009的规定进行。甲醇含量的计算,按GB/T 23986-2009中10.2进行。
6.2.6 乙二醇醚及醚酯总和含量
按GB/T 23986-2009的规定进行。乙二醇醚及醚酯含量的计算,按GB/T 23986-2009中10.2
进行。
铅(Pb)含量、镉(Cd)含量、汞(Hg)含量的测定,按GB/T 30647-2014的规定进行。
六价铬(Cr6+)含量的测定,先按GB/T 30647-2014的规定,测定试样中的总铬含量,再按附录B
的规定进行。
7 检验规则
7.1 型式检验
7.1.1 在正常生产情况下,每年至少进行一次型式检验,型式检验项目包括本标准所列的全部要求。
7.1.2 有下列情况之一时,应进行型式检验:
---新产品最初定型时;
---产品异地生产时;
---停产三个月后又恢复生产时。
7.2 检验结果的判定
7.2.1 检验结果的判定,按GB/T 8170-2008中修约值比较法进行。
7.2.2 报出检验结果时,应同时注明产品明示的施工状态下的施工配比。
7.2.3 所有项目的检验结果均达到本标准的要求时,产品为符合本标准要求。
8 包装标志
8.1 产品包装标志除应符合GB/T 9750的规定外,按本标准检验合格的产品可在包装标志上明示。
8.2 包装标志上或产品说明书中应明确施工状态下的施工配比。
8.3 包装标志上或产品说明书中应标明符合本标准的分类、产品类别和产品类型(或施涂方式)。
8.5 有意添加水的溶剂型涂料应在包装标志上或产品说明书中明示。
8.6 对于聚氨酯类、环氧类等多组分固化的涂料应在包装标志上或产品说明书中标明适用期。
9 标准的实施
9.1 对预涂卷材涂料的重金属含量的限量值实行过渡期要求,其过渡期为本标准发布之日起至
2021年12月31日。自2022年1月1日起,预涂卷材涂料应执行表5中重金属含量的限量值要求。
9.2 涂装现场对施工状态下的涂料产品抽查时,对于聚氨酯类、环氧类等多组分固化的涂料品种抽样检验,应在产品适用期内进行检验。
GB 30981-2020
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 87.040
G 51
Replacing GB 30981-2014
Limit of Harmful Substances of Industrial Protective
Coatings
ISSUED ON: MARCH 04, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: DECEMBER 01, 2020
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 6
4 Product Classification ... 9
5 Requirements ... 10
6 Test Methods ... 15
7 Inspection Rules ... 17
8 Packaging Mark ... 18
9 Implementation of Standards ... 19
Appendix A (Normative) Determination of Moisture Content – Gas
Chromatography ... 20
Appendix B (Normative) Determination of Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+) Content
– Spectrophotometry ... 24
Bibliography ... 31
Limit of Harmful Substances of Industrial Protective
Coatings
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the classification, requirements, test methods, inspection rules,
packaging marks, and standard implementations for the products involved in the
allowable limits for substances harmful to humans and the environment in industrial
protective coatings.
This Standard is applicable to all types of industrial protective coatings (excluding
marine coatings) for the protection of metal, concrete, plastic and other surfaces except
putty.
This Standard is not applicable to aerospace coatings, nuclear power coatings,
coatings for military equipment and facilities.
2 Normative References
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the
dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this
document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the
amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 1725-2007 Paints Varnishes and Plastics - Determination of Non-Volatile-
Matter Content
GB/T 3186 Paints Varnishes and Raw Materials for Paints and Varnishes -
Sampling
GB/T 6682-2008 Water for Analytical Laboratory Use - Specification and Test
Methods
GB/T 6750-2007 Paints and Varnishes - Determination of Density - Pycnometer
Method
GB/T 8170-2008 Rules of Rounding off for Numerical Values & Expression and
Judgement of Limiting Values
GB/T 9750 Marks for Package of Coating Products
GB/T 9758.5-1988 Paints and Varnishes - Determination of “Soluble” Metal
Content – Part 5: Determination of Hexavalent Chromium Content of the Pigment
Portion of the Liquid Paint and the Paint in Power Form - Diphenylcarbazide
Spectrophotometric Method
GB/T 9760-1988 Paints and Varnishes - Preparation of Acid Extracts from Paints
in Liquid or Powder Form
GB/T 23985-2009 Paints and Varnishes - Determination of Volatile Organic
Compound (VOC) Content - Difference Method
GB/T 23986-2009 Paints and Varnishes - Determination of Volatile Organic
Compound (VOC) Content - Gas-Chromatographic Method
GB/T 23990-2009 Determination of the Contents of Benzene Toluene
Ethylbenzene and Xylene in Coatings by Gas Chromatography
GB/T 23992-2009 Gas chromatography of chlorinated hydrocarbons content in
paint
GB/T 34675-2017 Determination of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) - Content
in Radiation Curable Coatings
GB/T 34682-2017 Determination of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) - Content
in Reactive Diluent Containing Coatings
GB/T 36488-2018 Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Coatings
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ‘
3.1 Engineering machinery
Working machinery and equipment used in the comprehensive mechanized
building installation engineering.
NOTE: For example, industrial vehicles, construction machinery, line machinery, municipal
sanitation machinery, elevators and escalators, pneumatic tools, etc.
3.2 Agricultural machinery
Various machines used in crop planting and animal husbandry production, as well as
in the initial processing and processing of agricultural and livestock products.
A kind of equipment for transportation of cargoes, which shall meet the following
conditions:
a) It has sufficient strength and rigidity and can be used repeatedly for a long time;
transferring in the road, the package for cargoes in the box need not be replaced;
c) It shall be equipped with devices that facilitate fast loading and unloading and
handling, especially when transferring from one mode of transport to another;
d) It facilitates the filling or emptying of the cargo;
e) It has a volume of 1m3 and above;
f) It is a freight vehicle designed in accordance with the requirements to ensure
security and has the ability to prevent easy access by unrelated personnel.
[GB/T 1992-2006, definition 3.1]
3.8 Package
certain technical methods in order to protect the product in the circulation process,
facilitate storage and transportation, and promote sales.
NOTE: For example, beverage cans, food cans, chemical drums, steel drums, non-stick pans,
etc.
3.9 Profiles
Objects with a certain geometric shape made of aluminum, iron or steel and materials
with a certain strength and toughness through rolling, extrusion, casting and other
processes.
NOTE: For example, aluminum profiles, plastic profiles, etc.
Equipment and ancillary products that operates by relying on current or
electromagnetic fields or aims at generating, transmitting, and measuring current and
electromagnetic fields; whose rated operating voltage is no more than 1500V for direct
current and 1000V for alternating current. The equipment that involves the production,
transmission and distribution of electrical energy is excluded.
3.11 Pre-coated coil
Organic material/metal composite sheet material that is sold in coil or sheet after
protective coatings for buildings and constructions, container coatings, pre-coated coil
coatings, packaging coatings, profile coatings (including metal substrate curtain wall
divided into water-based and non-water-based coatings.
5 Requirements
5.1 The limit values of VOC content in various types of industrial protective coatings
other than special functional coatings shall meet the requirements of Tables 1, 2, 3,
and 4.
NOTE: Special functional coatings refer to insulating coatings, fingerprint-resistant coatings for
touch screens and optical plastic sheets, and polytetrafluoroethylene coatings (chemical media
resistance, wear resistance, lubrication, non-stick and other special functions) that are sintered
and formed at high temperatures above 150°C, fluorosilicone coatings for elastomers, silver-
components (special functions such as anti-acid fog, dustproof, and moisture-proof), etc.
The limit value of VOC content in water-based coatings shall meet the requirements of
Table 1. The limit value of VOC content in solvent-based coatings shall meet the
requirements of Table 2. The limit value of VOC content in solvent-free coatings shall
meet the requirements of Table 3. The limit value of the VOC content in radiation-
curable coatings shall meet the requirements of Table 4. When the coating product is
expressly suitable for multiple uses, it shall meet the strictest limit value requirements
among each requirement.
Water-based coatings and water-based radiation-curable coatings do not consider the
the construction ratio of the product in the specified construction state. If the usage
among of a component among a multi-component is in a certain range, it shall be
measured after mixing according to the maximum ratio specified in the construction
ratio of the product under construction.
chromatographic column (6% cyanopropyl-phenyl/94% polydimethylsiloxane capillary
column), and the label was diethyl adipate. VOC content is calculated according to
10.4 of GB/T 23986-2009.
If the moisture content in the coating is less than 70% (mass fraction), it shall be carried
out according to the provisions of GB/T 23985-2009. The content of non-volatile matter
specimen; and the baking condition is (105±2) °C/1h. VOC content is calculated
according to 8.4 of GB/T 23985-2009.
6.2.1.3 VOC content in solvent-based coatings
Solvent-based coatings that do not contain reactive diluent and water are carried out
in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 23985-2009. The content of non-volatile
matter is carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1725-2007. Take about
1g of the specimen; and the baking condition is (105±2) °C/1h. The moisture content
is not measured and the moisture content was set to zero. The calculation of VOC
content in solvent-based coatings without reactive diluent and water shall be carried
Solvent-based coatings containing reactive diluents are carried out in accordance with
the provisions of 6.2.1.4.
Solvent-based coatings with intentionally-added water shall be carried out in
accordance with the provisions of GB/T 23985-2009. The content of non-volatile matter
is carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1725-2007. Take about 1g of
specimen; and the baking condition is (105±2) °C/1h; the determination of the moisture
content is performed according to the provisions of Appendix A. The calculation of VOC
content is carried out according to 8.4 of GB/T 23985-2009.
6.2.1.4 VOC content in solvent-free coatings
time for the determination of non-volatile matter content is 24h under the standard
test environment [temperature (23±2) °C; relative humidity (50±5)%], or the time
specified in the product manual; but the storage time is no greater than 7d. If the
moisture is not determined, the moisture content shall be set to zero.
The calculation of VOC content is carried out according to 8.3 of GB/T 34682-2017.
6.2.1.5 VOC content in radiation-curable coatings
It shall be performed according to the provisions of GB/T 34675-2017.
The calculation of VOC content in water-based radiation-curable coatings shall be
carried out in accordance with 8.4 of GB/T 34675-2017; the determination of moisture
7.1.2 Type inspection shall be carried out in one of the following cases:
--- When the new product is initially finalized;
--- When the product is produced off-site;
--- When the production formula, process, key raw material sources and
construction ratio of the product under construction have changed greatly;
--- When production resumes after three months of suspension.
7.2 Determination of inspection results
7.2.1 The test results shall be determined according to the rounding-off comparison
method in GB/T 8170-2008.
state explicitly stated by the product shall be indicated at the same time.
7.2.3 When the inspection results of all items meet the requirements of this Standard,
the product meets the requirements of this Standard.
8 Packaging Mark
8.1 In addition that the product packaging mark conforms to the provisions of GB/T
9750, the products that pass the inspection according to this Standard may be clearly
indicated on the packaging mark.
8.2 The construction ratio in the construction state shall be clearly stated on the
packaging mark or in the product manual.
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