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高碳铬轴承钢
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GBT 18254-2016
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标准编号: GB/T 18254-2016 (GB/T18254-2016)
中文名称: 高碳铬轴承钢
英文名称: High-carbon chromium bearing steel
行业: 国家标准 (推荐)
中标分类: H40
国际标准分类: 77.140.10
字数估计: 41,449
发布日期: 2000-11-17
实施日期: 2017-07-01
旧标准 (被替代): GB/T 18254-2002
起草单位: 宝钢特钢有限公司、洛阳轴承研究所有限公司、江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司、冶金工业信息标准研究院、钢铁研究总院、东北特殊钢集团有限责任公司、大冶特殊钢股份有限公司、西宁特殊钢股份有限公司
归口单位: 全国钢标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 183)
标准依据: 国家标准公告2016年第14号
提出机构: 中国钢铁工业协会
发布机构: 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会
GB/T 18254-2016: 高碳铬轴承钢
GB/T 18254-2016 英文名称: High-carbon chromium bearing steel
1 范围
本标准规定了高碳铬轴承钢的分类与代号、订货内容、尺寸、外形、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则、包装、标志及质量证明书。
本标准适用于制作轴承套圈和滚动体用高碳铬轴承钢热轧和锻制圆钢、圆盘条、冷拉圆钢(直条或盘状)(以下简称钢材)。
经供需双方协商,也可供应其他品种、规格的钢材或钢坯,具体要求应在合同中注明。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文
件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 223.5 钢铁 酸溶硅和全硅含量的测定 还原型硅钼酸盐分光光度法
GB/T 223.9 钢铁及合金 铝含量的测定 铬天青S分光光电度法
GB/T 223.11 钢铁及合金 铬含量的测定 可视滴定或电位滴定法
GB/T 223.23 钢铁及合金 镍含量的测定 丁二酮肟分光光度法
GB/T 223.26 钢铁及合金 钼含量的测定 硫氰酸盐分光光度法
GB/T 223.29 钢铁及合金 铅含量测定 载体沉淀-二甲酚橙分光光度法
GB/T 223.31 钢铁及合金 砷含量测定 蒸馏分离-钼蓝分光光度法
GB/T 223.47 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 载体沉淀-钼蓝光度法测定锑量
GB/T 223.50 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 苯基莹光酮-溴化十六烷基三甲基胺直接光度法测定
锡量
GB/T 223.53 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定铜量
GB/T 223.62 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 乙酸丁酯萃取光度法测定磷量
GB/T 223.63 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 高碘酸钠(钾)光度法测定锰量
GB/T 223.77 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钙量
GB/T 223.85 钢铁及合金 硫含量的测定 感应炉燃烧后红外吸收法
GB/T 223.86 钢铁及合金 总碳含量的测定 感应炉燃烧后红外吸收法
GB/T 224-2008 钢的脱碳层深度测定法
GB/T 226 钢的低倍组织及缺陷酸蚀试验法
GB/T 231.1 金属材料 布氏硬度试验 第1部分:试验方法
GB/T 702-2008 热轧钢棒尺寸、外形、重量及允许偏差
GB/T 905-1994 冷拉圆钢、方钢、六角钢尺寸、外形、重量及允许偏差
GB/T 908-2008 锻制钢棒尺寸、外形、重量及允许偏差
GB/T 1814 钢材断口检验法
GB/T 1979 结构钢低倍组织缺陷评级图
GB/T 2101 型钢验收、包装、标志及质量证明书的一般规定
GB/T 4336 碳素钢和中低合金钢 火花源原子发射光谱分析方法(常规法)
GB/T 10561-2005 钢中非金属夹杂物含量的测定 标准评级图显微检验法
GB/T 11261 钢铁 氧含量的测定 脉冲加热惰气熔融-红外线吸收法
GB/T 14981-2009 热轧圆盘条尺寸、外形、重量及允许偏差
GB/T 20066 钢和铁 化学成分测定用试样的取样和制样方法
GB/T 20123 钢铁 总碳硫含量的测定 高频感应炉燃烧后红外吸收法(常规方法)
GB/T 20125 低合金钢 多元素含量的测定 电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法
YB/T 5293 金属材料 顶锻试验方法
3 分类与代号
3.1 钢按冶金质量分类:
a) 优质钢;
b) 高级优质钢(牌号后加“A”);
c) 特级优质钢(牌号后加“E”)。
3.2 钢按浇铸工艺分类:
a) 模铸钢;
b) 连铸钢。
3.3 钢按使用加工方法分类:
a) 压力加工用钢 UP;
b) 切削加工用钢 UC。
3.4 钢按最终用途分类:
a) 套圈用 T;
b) 滚动体用 G。
4 订货内容
按照本标准订货的合同上应包含下列内容:
a) 产品名称(或品名);
b) 牌号;
c) 标准编号;
d) 尺寸及精度;
e) 重量和/或数量;
f) 浇铸方法(未注明时,按连铸);
g) 使用加工方法;
h) 冶金质量;
i) 交货状态;
j) 最终用途(未注明时,按套圈);
k) 表面状态(要求剥皮、磨光或车光交货时,需注明);
l) 应由供需双方协商,并在合同中注明的项目或指标。
5 尺寸、外形、重量
5.1 尺寸及其允许偏差
5.1.1 钢材的直径及其允许偏差
应符合表1的规定。
5.1.2 长度
5.1.2.1 钢材的通常长度应符合下列规定:
a) 热轧圆钢的长度为3000mm~8000mm;
b) 锻制圆钢的长度为2000mm~6000mm;
c) 冷拉圆钢的长度为3000mm~6000mm。
5.1.2.2 钢材应在规定长度范围内以齐尺长度交货,每捆中最长与最短钢材的长度差应不大于
5.1.2.3 按定尺或倍尺交货的钢材,其长度允许偏差应不超过+50 0mm。
5.2 外形及其允许偏差
5.2.1 不圆度
钢材的不圆度应符合表2的规定。
5.2.2 弯曲度
钢材的弯曲度应符合表3的规定。
5.2.3 扭转
钢材不应有显著扭转。
5.2.4 端头形状
5.2.4.2 钢材一般不允许气割。在个别情况下(主要指取样时)允许每批中不多于6支钢材的一端用
气割。
5.2.4.3 特级优质钢材的一端应倒角。优质钢和高级优质钢材若需倒角,则应在合同中注明。
5.3 重量
钢材按实际重量交货。圆盘条的盘重应符合GB/T 14981-2009的规定。
6 技术要求
6.1 牌号和化学成分
6.1.1 钢的牌号及化学成分(熔炼分析)应符合表4的规定,其残余元素含量应符合表5的规定。
6.1.2 除非得到用户同意,生产厂不得有意加入钙及其合金脱氧或控制非金属夹杂物形态。
GB/T 18254-2016
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.140.10
H 40
Replacing GB/T 18254-2002
High-carbon Chromium Bearing Steels
ISSUED ON. AUGUST 29, 2016
IMPLEMENTED ON. JULY 1, 2017
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Application Scope ... 6
2 Normative References ... 6
3 Classification and Codes ... 8
4 Ordering Content ... 9
5 Dimensions, Shape and Weight ... 9
6 Technical Requirements ... 11
7 Test Method ... 19
8 Inspection Rules ... 22
9 Packaging, Marking and Quality Certification ... 25
Annex A (Normative) Standard Diagrams of High-carbon Chromium Bearing
Steels ... 26
Annex B (Normative) Test Method for Bluing Fracture ... 43
Annex C (Normative) Sampling Diagrams for Microstructure, Carbide
Inhomogeneity and Microporosity ... 45
Foreword
This Standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Standard replaces GB/T 18254-2002, High-carbon Chromium Bearing Steel.
Compared with GB/T 18254-2002, the main changes of the technical content of this
Standard are as follows.
-- it cancels the varieties of “steel tubes” (see 1, 4.1.1.5, 5.1.3, 5.3.1.9, 5.3.1.10,
5.11.3 and 5.12.4 of edition 2002);
-- it adds “classification and codes” (see Article 3);
-- it adds “end use” and “surface condition” in “ordering content” (see Article 4; Article
3 of edition 2002);
-- steels are classified into three quality grades, i.e. quality steels, high-grade quality
steels and super-grade quality steels, in accordance with the metallurgical quality
(see Table 1, 2, 5, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16; 4.1.1, 4.1.1.3, 4.2.1, Table 3, 6, 7, 5.8, Table
8 and 9 of edition 2002);
-- it changes the upper limits of delivery lengths of hot-rolled round steels and forged
round steels (see 5.1.2.1; 4.1.2.1 of edition 2002);
-- it changes the “coil weight” of wire rod (see 5.3; 4.1.2.2 of edition 2002);
-- it tightens the bend indexes of hot-rolled round steels (see Table 3; Table 2 of
edition 2002);
-- it cancels designation GCr4 and its relevant technical requirements (see Table 3,
5, 12 of edition 2002);
-- it cancels the specification of Ni + Cu ≤ 0.50% (see Table 3 of edition 2002);
-- it adds designation G8Cr15 and its relevant technical requirements (see Table 4,
8, 6.8, Table 21);
-- it tightens the content indexes of nickel, phosphorus, Sulphur and oxygen (see
Table 4, 5; Table 3 of edition 2002);
-- it adds the assessment indexes of aluminum, titanium, calcium, arsenic, antimony
and lead (see Table 5; 5.1.2 of edition 2002);
-- it changes the hardness of softened annealed steels (see Table 8; Table 5 of
edition 2002);
-- it adds the test items and standard diagrams of “centre segregation” (Table 9 and
standard diagram 4 of Annex A; Table 6 of edition 2002);
High-carbon Chromium Bearing Steels
1 Application Scope
This Standard specifies the classification and codes, ordering content, dimensions,
shape, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packaging, marking and
quality certification of high-carbon chromium bearing steels.
This Standard applies to hot-rolled and forged round steels, round wire rods and cold-
drawn round steels (bar or coil shape) of high-carbon chromium bearing steels for
bearing rings and rollers (hereinafter referred to as steels).
by the supplier and the purchaser; the specific requirements shall be stated in the
contract.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition dated applies to this document. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced documents (including all
amendments) applies to this Standard.
GB/T 223.5, Steel and Iron – Determination of Acid-soluble Silicon and Total Silicon
Content - Reduced Molybdosilicate Spectrophotometric Method
Azurol S Photometric Method
GB/T 223.11, Iron, Steel and Alloy – Determination of Chromium Content – Visual
Titration or Potentiometric Titration Method
GB/T 223.23, Iron, Steel and Alloy – Determination of Nickel Content – The
Dimethylglyoxime Spectrophotometric Method
GB/T 223.26, Iron, Steel and Alloy – Determination of Molybdenum Content – The
Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method
GB/T 223.29, Iron, Steel and Alloy – Determination of Lead Content – Carrier
Precipitation-Xylenol Orange Spectrophotometric Method
molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method
GB/T 223.47, Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy – The Carrier
Precipitation-Molybdenum Blue Photometric Method for the Determination of
Antimony Content
GB/T 223.50, Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy – The
Phenylfuorone-CTMAB Direct Photometric Method for the Determination of Tin
Content
GB/T 223.53, Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy – The Flame
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Copper
GB/T 223.62, Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy – The Butyl
Acetate Extraction Photometric Method for the Determination of Phosphorus
Content
GB/T 223.63, Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy – The Sodium
(Potassium) Periodate Photometric Method for the Determination of Manganese
Content
GB/T 223.77, Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy – The Flame
Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Method for the Determination of Calcium Content
GB/T 223.85, Iron, Steel and Alloy – Determination of Sulfur Content – Infrared
GB/T 223.86, Iron, Steel and Alloy – Determination of Total Carbon Content –
Infrared Absorption Method after Combustion in an Induction Furnace
GB/T 224-2008, Determination of Depth of Decarburization of Steels
GB/T 226, Test Method for Macrostructure and Defect of Steel by Etching
GB/T 231.1, Metallic Materials – Brinell Hardness Test – Part 1. Test Method
GB/T 702-2008, Hot-rolled Steel Bars – Dimensions, Shape, Weight and Tolerances
GB/T 905-1994, Dimension, Shape, Weight and Tolerance for Cold-Drawn Round,
Square and Hexagonal Steels
GB/T 908-2008, Forged Bars - Dimensions, Shape, Weight and Tolerances
GB/T 1979, Standard Diagrams for Macrostructure and Defect of Structure Steels
GB/T 2101, General Requirement of Acceptance, Packaging, Marking and
Certification for Section Steel
GB/T 4336, Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel – Determination of Multi-Element Contents
– Spark Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometric Method (Routine Method)
GB/T 10561-2005, Steel – Determination of Content of Nonmetallic Inclusions –
Micrographic Method Using Standard Diagrams
GB/T 11261, Steel and Iron – Determination of Oxygen Content – The Pulse
Heating Inert Gas Fusion-Infra-Red Absorption Method
Wire Rod
GB/T 20066, Steel and Iron-sampling and Preparation of Samples for the
Determination of Chemical Composition
GB/T 20123, Steel and Iron – Determination of Total Carbon and Sulfur Content
Infrared Absorption Method after Combustion in An Induction Furnace (Routine
Method)
GB/T 20125, Low-alloy Steel – Determination of Multi-Element Contents –
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometric Method
GB/T 5293, Metallic Materials - Forging Test
3.1 Steels are specified into the following in accordance with metallurgical quality.
a) quality steels;
b) high-grade quality steels (adding “A” after designation);
c) super-grade quality steels (adding “E” after designation).
3.2 Steels are classified into the following in accordance with casting process.
a) moulded steels;
b) continuously cast steels.
3.3 Steels are classified into the following in accordance with processing method for
application.
b) steels for machining, UC.
3.4 Steels are classified into the following in accordance with end use.
a) for rings, T;
b) for rollers, G;
Table 3 – Bend of Steels dimensions in millimeters
Steel type
Bend
not greater than
Bend per meter Total bend
Hot-rolled annealed round st...
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