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电动汽车 安全要求 第1部分:车载可充电储能系统(REESS)
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GBT 18384.1-2015
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标准编号: GB/T 18384.1-2015 (GB/T18384.1-2015)
中文名称: 电动汽车 安全要求 第1部分:车载可充电储能系统(REESS)
英文名称: Electrically propelled road vehicles -- Safety specifications -- Part 1: On-board rechargeable energy storage system (REESS)
行业: 国家标准 (推荐)
中标分类: T40
国际标准分类: 43.020
字数估计: 9,992
发布日期: 2015-05-15
实施日期: 2015-10-01
旧标准 (被替代): GB/T 18384.1-2001
引用标准: GB 2893; GB 2894; GB/T 5465.2; GB/T 16935.1; GB/T 19596
采用标准: ISO 6469-1-2009, MOD
起草单位: 中国汽车技术研究中心
归口单位: 全国汽车标准化技术委员会
标准依据: 国家标准公告2015年第15号
提出机构: 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部
发布机构: 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会
范围: 本部分规定了电动汽车B级电压驱动电路系统的车载可充电储能系统(REESS)的要求, 从而确保车辆内部、外部人员以及车辆环境的安全。本部分适用于车载驱动系统的最大工作电压是B级电压的电动汽车。电动摩托车和电动轻便摩托车可参照执行。本部分不适用于非道路车辆, 例如物料搬运车和叉车。本部分不适用于指导电动汽车的装配、维护和修理。机电飞轮(车辆)不在本部分范围内。
GB/T 18384.1-2015: 电动汽车 安全要求 第1部分:车载可充电储能系统(REESS)
GB/T 18384.1-2015 英文名称: Electrically propelled road vehicles -- Safety specifications -- Part 1: On-board rechargeable energy storage system (REESS)
1 范围
本部分规定了电动汽车B级电压驱动电路系统的车载可充电储能系统(REESS)的要求,从而确保
车辆内部、外部人员以及车辆环境的安全。
本部分适用于车载驱动系统的最大工作电压是B级电压的电动汽车。电动摩托车和电动轻便摩
托车可参照执行。
本部分不适用于非道路车辆,例如物料搬运车和叉车。
本部分不适用于指导电动汽车的装配、维护和修理。机电飞轮(车辆)不在本部分范围内。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文
件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB 2893 安全色(GB 2893-2008,ISO 3864-1:2002,MOD)
GB 2894 安全标志及其使用导则
GB/T 5465.2 电气设备用图形符号 第2部分:图形符号(GB/T 5465.2-2008,IEC 60417DB:
2007,IDT)
GB/T 16935.1 低压系统内设备的绝缘配合 第1部分:原理、要求和试验(GB/T 16935.1-2008,
IEC 60664-1:2007,IDT)
GB/T 19596 电动汽车术语(GB/T 19596-2004,ISO 8713:2002,NEQ)
3 术语和定义
GB/T 19596界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
可充电储能系统
REESS
可充电的且可提供电能的能量存储系统,如蓄电池、电容器。
3.2
电力系统
电路,包括电源(例如燃料电池堆、蓄电池)。
3.3
最大工作电压
在正常的工作状态下电力系统可能发生的交流(a.c.)电压有效值(rms)或者直流(d.c.)电压的最大
值,忽略暂态峰值。
3.4
B级电压电路
最大工作电压大于30Va.c.(rms)且小于或等于1000Va.c.(rms),或大于60V 直流(d.c.)且小
于或等于1500V直流(d.c.)的电力组件或电路。
3.5
单点失效
未采用安全机制进行保护的系统或系统中的部分(包括硬件、软件)的故障而导致的失效。
4 标记与标识
B级电压电路中的REESS应用图1所示的警告标记。符号的底色为黄色,边框和箭头为黑色。按
照GB 2893、GB 2894和GB/T 5465.2的规定。
当人员接近REESS的高压部分时,应能看见该警告标记。还应清晰可见地注明REESS的种类
(例如,超级电容器、铅酸电池、镍氢电池、锂离子电池等),以便识别。
图1 高压警告标记
5 要求
5.1 REESS的绝缘电阻
5.1.1 总则
REESS绝缘电阻测量时,REESS应带有外壳里的所有辅助部件,例如监测或者温度调节装置,如
果有冷却液,也应包括在内。
REESS的两个端子相对于电平台通常有不同的绝缘电阻(Ri1和Ri2,如图2)。出于安全考虑,阻
值较小的一个视为REESS的绝缘电阻。
5.1.2 准备条件和测量条件
为了测量正常情况下安装在车内的REESS的绝缘电阻,REESS的两个端子应与驱动电路和所有
外部电路断开。
通过REESS外部的电源(例如12V辅助蓄电池)供电的REESS内部辅助系统的端子应与外部电
源断开,与电平台连接。若辅助系统的端子用来激活REESS,则可以不与外部电源断开。REESS可以在车外单独测量,为了测量未安装在车辆上的REESS的绝缘电阻,应使用一个导电部件,例如一个金属板,来模拟电平台,REESS应用其标准固定装置连接其上,以更好的模拟REESS壳体与电平台之间的电阻特性。
测量之前,REESS应在温度为5℃±2℃的条件下准备至少8h,而后进行温度为23℃±5℃,相
对湿度为90+10-5 %,气压为86kPa~106kPa条件下的8h测量阶段,以达到露点。
如果其他的环境参数可以在测量阶段很快达到露点,则可以采用其他准备和测量环境参数。同时
应考虑到与REESS的类型和用途相关的特定情况。
如果可以,应将 REESS充电到厂商规定的满电状态;对于非外接充电型电动汽车的 REESS,
REESS应处于正常运行情况下的荷电状态。
试验用的伏特表或测量设备的内阻应不小于10MΩ。
5.1.3 测量方法
绝缘电阻的测量应在出现露点的阶段以适当的频次进行测量,以便得到绝缘电阻的最小值。
如果电流的接合开关集成在REESS中,测量时开关应全部闭合。
如果车辆有REESS绝缘电阻监测系统,在测量时应将其关闭,以免影响测量值。
电压的测量应将测量设备适当稳定的读数作为测量值。
测量步骤如下:
a) 测量REESS的两个端子和车辆电平台之间的电压。较高的一个定义为U1,较低的一个定义
为U1',相应的两个绝缘电阻定义为Ri1和Ri2=Ri
注1:Ri2是两个绝缘电阻中阻值较小的,因此将其确定为REESS的绝缘电阻Ri。
b) 添加一个已知的测量电阻R0 与Ri1并联,测量U2 和U2'。
测试期间应保持稳定的电压。
注2:理论上,R0 的阻值对绝缘电阻的计算没有影响,但是R0 的选择应使得电压的测量结果尽量精确,所以R0 的阻值除以REESS的最大工作电压在100Ω/V~500Ω/V范围内是适用的,R0的精度偏差最大不能超过2%。
注1:Ri1和Ri2表示REESS两个端子与电平台之间的绝缘电阻。
注2:R0 是已知的测量电阻。
图2 绝缘电阻的测量
5.1.4 要求
附加防护,其绝缘电阻Ri 除以它的最大工作电压,应不小于100Ω/V;如果包括交流电路且没有附加
防护,则此值应不小于500Ω/V。如果 REESS集成在了一个完整的电路里,可能需要一个更高的
REESS阻值。
注1:REESS集成和附加交流防护方法的细节见GB/T 18384.3。
注2:某些种类的电池,因为损耗有时会导致电阻低于绝缘电阻的最小要求。
5.2 电气间隙和爬电距离
对于正常使用时不会发生电解液泄漏的REESS,应按照GB/T 16935.1的要求,污染度控制在适当
的范围内。
5.3 有害气体和其他有害物质排放
或其他有害物质时,应满足以下要求。
在正常的环境和操作条件下,应有适当的措施,使驾驶舱、乘员舱以及各载货空间的有害气体或其
他有害物质不会达到潜在的危险浓度。
有害气体和其他有害物质允许的最大聚集量应符合国家相关标准的要求。
应采取适当的措施应对单点失效。
5.4 REESS产生的热量
应采取适宜的措施防止任何由单点失效情况造成可能危害人员的热量的产生,比如,基于电流、电
压或温度的监控器。
5.5 REESS过电流断开
条件下断开REESS电路,以防止对人员、车辆和环境造成危害。
GB/T 18384.1-2015
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
T 40
Replacing GB/T 18384.1-2001
Electrically propelled road vehicles - Safety
specifications - Part 1. On-board rechargeable energy
storage system (REESS)
[ISO 6469-1.2009, Electrically propelled road vehicles - Safety specifications -
Part 1. On-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS), MOD]
ISSUED ON. MAY 15, 2015
IMPLEMENTED ON. OCTOBER 01, 2015
Issued by.
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection
and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ... 2
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 Marks and logos ... 7
5 Requirements ... 8
Foreword
GB/T 18384 “Electrically propelled road vehicles - Safety specifications” is divided into 3
parts.
— Part 1. On-board rechargeable energy storage system (REESS);
— Part 2. Vehicle operational safety means and protection against failures;
— Part 3. Protection of persons against electric hazards.
This Part is Part 1 of GB/T 18384.
This Part is drafted based on the provisions provided in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Part replaces GB/T 18384.1-2001 “Electric Vehicles - Safety Specification - Part 1.
On-board Energy Storage Device”. Compared with GB/T 18384.1-2001, in addition to
editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
— Revise the application scope of the standard (see chapter 1; chapter 1 in edition
2001)
— Delete the terms and definitions that have already been defined in GB/T 19596 (see
chapter 3 in edition 2001);
— Add the definition of “rechargeable energy storage system” (see 3.1);
— Add the definition of “power system” (see 3.2);
— Add the definition of “maximum working voltage” (see 3.3);
— Add the definition of “voltage class B electric circuits” (see 3.4);
— Add the definition of “single-point failure” (see 3.5);
— Revise the test conditions of REESS insulation resistance measurement (see 5.1.2;
6.1.1 in edition 2001);
— Modify the calculation method of REESS insulation resistance (see 5.1.3; 6.1.1 in
edition 2001);
— Revise the requirements for REESS insulation resistance value (see 5.1.4; 6.1.2 in
edition 2001);
— Revise the requirements for the discharge of harmful gases and harmful substances
(see 5.3; chapter 5, 6.3 and 6.4 in edition 2001);
— Add the regulations on heat generated by REESS (see 5.4);
— Delete the special requirements on on-board energy storage device collision (see
chapter 8 in edition 2001);
— Delete annex A in edition 2001;
— Delete annex B in edition 2001.
This Part uses re-drafting method to modify and adopt ISO 6469-1.2009 “Electrically
Propelled Road Vehicles - Safety Specifications - Part 1. On-board Rechargeable Energy
Storage System (RESS)”.
Technical differences between this Part and ISO 6469-1.2009, as well as the reasons, are
as follows.
— Delete some terms and definitions that have already been defined in GB/T 19596,
as shown in chapter 3;
— Delete the description on chapter 4 “Environment and operating conditions” in ISO
6469-1.2009. The relevant content has been included in experimental conditions,
and the following chapter numbers are increased sequentially, as shown in chapter
— Add requirements for REESS category marking, so as to be convenient for
identification by maintenance and rescue personnel;
— Delete the provision that on-board insulation resistance monitoring system may be
used to measure the insulation resistance value of the entire circuit, so as to replace
REESS insulation resistance measurement of this Part, as shown in 6.1.3;
— Delete the requirements for collision test. There are corresponding collision
standards; the following chapter numbers are increased sequentially, as shown in
chapter 7.
This Part was proposed by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the
This Part shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee of Auto
Standardization (SAC/TC 114).
The responsible drafting organizations of this Part. China Automotive Technology
Research Center, Anhui Ankai Automobile Co., Ltd., Hunan CSR Times Electric Vehicle
Co., Ltd. AND Shanghai Motor Vehicle Inspection Center.
The participating drafting organizations of this Part. National Automobile Quality
Supervision and Inspection Center (Changchun), China Faw Group Corporation R&D
Center, National Automobile Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Xiangyang), Faw
- Volkswagen Co., Ltd., Haima Automobile Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing Changan New
Group Auto Holding Co., Ltd., BYD Auto Industry Company Limited, Shanghai Jieneng
Auto Technology Co., Ltd., Chery New Energy Automotive Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai
Volkswagen Automobile Co., Ltd., SGMW, Liuzhou Wuling Motors Co., Ltd., China
Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co.,
Ltd., Zhengzhou Yutong Group Co., Ltd., Beiqi Foton Motor Co., Ltd., Xiamen Golden
Dragon Bus Co., Ltd. AND SAE Industrial Consulting Services (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this Part. Zhang Yingnan, Xu Zhihan, Xiong Liangping, Liu Lin,
Huang Zhongrong, Chen Shundong, Liu Guibin, Xu Junhui, Xu Zhiguang, Shen Jianping,
Cui Fengtao, Zhu Xiaoming, Miao Wenquan, Zhang Tianjiang, Huang Mi, Ni Xinyu, Su
Fang Yunzhou, Sui Tao, Fan Dapeng, Fu Xin, Wang Kan, Zhang Xiangjie and Hongyang.
This Part was first-time released in July, 2001; this is the first revision.
Electrically propelled road vehicles - Safety specifications -
Part 1. On-board rechargeable energy storage system
(REESS)
1 Scope
This Part specifies the requirements for on-board rechargeable energy storage system
(REESE) of electrically propelled road vehicle’s voltage class B driven electric circuit
system, so as to ensure the safety of personnel inside and outside vehicles and vehicle
This Part applies to electrically propelled road vehicles of which the maximum working
voltage of on-board driving system is voltage class B. Electric motorcycles and electric
mopeds may reference for implementation.
This Part does not apply to non-road vehicles, e.g. material carrying trucks and forklifts.
This Part is not applicable to guide the assembly, maintenance and repair of electrically
propelled road vehicles. Electromechanical flywheel (vehicle) is not included in this Part.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For the
dated documents so quoted, only the dated versions apply to this document. For the
to this document.
GB 2893 Safety colours (GB 2893-2008, ISO 3864-1.2002, MOD)
GB 2894 Safety signs and guideline for the use
GB/T 5465.2 Graphical symbols for use on electrical equipment - Part 2. Graphical
symbols (GB/T 5465.2-2008, IEC 60417 DB.2007, IDT)
GB/T 16935.1 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems - Part
1. Principles requirements and tests (GB/T 16935,1-2008, IEC 60664-1.2007, IDT)
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles (GB/T 19596-2004, ISO 8713.2002, NEQ)
3 Terms and definitions
document.
3.1
Rechargeable energy storage system
REESS
Energy storage system that is rechargeable and may provide electric energy, e.g. storage
battery, capacitor.
3.2
Electric power system
Circuit, including power source (e.g. fuel cell stack, storage battery).
Maximum working voltage
The effective value of possible alternating current (a.c.) voltage or the maximum value of
direct current (d.c.) voltage of electric power system under normal working conditions.
Transient state peak value is ignored.
3.4
Voltage class B electric circuits
Electrical modules or circuits of which the maximum working voltage is greater than 30 V
a.c. (rms) and less than or equal to 1 000 V a.c. (rms); or the maximum working voltage is
greater than 60 V direct current (d.c.) and less than or equal to 1 500 V direct current
3.5
Single-point failure
Failure caused by malfunction of system or part (including hardware, software) of the
system that are not protected by a safety mechanism.
4 Marks and logos
Warning mark shown in Figure 1 shall be used in REESS of voltage class B circuit.
Background color of the symbol is yellow; the frame and arrow are black. It shall follow the
provisions in GB 2893, GB 2894 and GB/T 5465.2.
Figure 3 Creepage distance
In order to prevent explosion, fire or toxic substances, when REESS may discharge
harmful gases or other harmful substances under normal ambient and operation
conditions, the following requireme...
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