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电动车辆的电磁场发射强度的限值和测量方法
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GBT 18387-2017
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标准编号: GB/T 18387-2017 (GB/T18387-2017)
中文名称: 电动车辆的电磁场发射强度的限值和测量方法
英文名称: Limits and test method of magnetic and electric field strength from electric vehicles
行业: 国家标准 (推荐)
中标分类: T09
国际标准分类: 43.020
字数估计: 12,131
发布日期: 2017-05-12
实施日期: 2017-12-01
旧标准 (被替代): GB/T 18387-2008
引用标准: GB/T 6113.101; GB/T 6113.104; GB 14023-2011; GB/T 29259
起草单位: 中国汽车技术研究中心、北京新能源汽车股份有限公司、安徽安凯汽车股份有限公司、上海汽车集团股份有限公司、郑州宇通客车股份有限公司、比亚迪汽车工业有限公司、中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司、上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司、长城汽车股份有限公司、襄阳达安汽车检测中心、东风汽车公司、泛亚汽车技术中心有限公司、上海机动车检测中心、北汽福田汽车股份有限公司、华晨宝马汽车有限公司、浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司、上汽大众汽车有限公司
归口单位: 全国汽车标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 114)
提出机构: 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部
发布机构: 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会
范围: 本标准规定了车辆的电场、磁场辐射发射强度的限值和试验方法，试验频率范围为150 kHz~30 MHz。本标准适用于纯电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车、燃料电池电动汽车等类型的电动车辆。
GB/T 18387-2017: 电动车辆的电磁场发射强度的限值和测量方法
GB/T 18387-2017 英文名称: Limits and test method of magnetic and electric field strength from electric vehicles
1 范围
本标准规定了车辆的电场、磁场辐射发射强度的限值和试验方法,试验频率范围为150kHz~
30MHz。
本标准适用于纯电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车、燃料电池电动汽车等类型的电动车辆。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文
件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 6113.101 无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备和测量方法规范 第1-1部分:无线电骚扰和抗扰
度测量设备 测量设备
GB/T 6113.104 无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备和测量方法规范 第1-4部分:无线电骚扰和抗扰
度测量设备 辐射骚扰测量用天线和试验场地
GB 14023-2011 车辆、船和内燃机 无线电骚扰特性 用于保护车外接收机的限值和测量方法
GB/T 29259 道路车辆 电磁兼容术语
3 术语和定义
GB/T 29259界定的术语和定义适用于本文件。
4 限值要求
电场强度发射限值见表1和图1,磁场强度发射限值见表2和图2。限值推导的方法参见附录A。
表1 电场强度的发射限值
频率f/MHz 峰值限值/dB(μV/m)
0.15~4.77 88.89-20lg(f)
4.77~15.92 116.05-60lg(f)
15.92~20 67.98-20lg(f)
20~30 41.96
表2 磁场强度的发射限值
频率f/MHz 峰值限值/dB(μA/m)
0.15~4.77 37.36-20lg(f)
4.77~15.92 64.52-60lg(f)
15.92~20 16.45-20lg(f)
20~30 -9.57
图1 电场强度发射限值
图2 磁场强度发射限值
5 试验场地
测试场地为装有吸波材料的屏蔽室(ALSE),可以选择户外试验场地(OTS)进行试验,场地应符合
GB 14023-2011的要求。
6 试验仪器
6.1 概述
测量仪器应满足GB/T 6113.101的要求。测量仪器的本底噪声应至少低于限值6dB。
注:使用无源天线时,为实现6dB本底噪声的要求,可以在天线和扫描接收机之间加上一个前置放大器,注意放大
器和接收机的过载特性。推荐使用带有有源匹配单元的天线,无需额外的前置放大器。
6.2 扫描接收机参数
扫描接收机带宽、步长和驻留时间参数设置见表3。
表3 扫描接收机参数
检波器 带宽/kHz 最大步长/kHz 驻留时间(最小)/ms
峰值 9 5 10
注:对某些信号(如低重复率或间歇信号)可能需要更低的扫描速率或多次扫描以确保测得最大值。
6.3 天线
天线应满足GB/T 6113.104的要求。下列天线适用于本标准:
a) 电场天线:1m长的单极天线,垂直地面安装,配有天线匹配单元;
b) 磁场天线:直径60cm静电屏蔽环天线。
注:可以使用已知天线校正因子的单极天线和环天线产品。天线和接收机之间的衰减/增益宜进行适当的校正。
6.4 天线匹配单元
1m单极天线的匹配单元应根据GB/T 6113.104进行校准。应注意输入电压不超过匹配单元的额
定脉冲输入或可能发生的过载。
6.5 测功机
测试场地配备的测功机应能保证所有驱动轮转速一致,转鼓最大速度应满足最大试验车速的要求。
并且其能够提供典型持续的道路负载扭矩。测功机的转鼓应为金属材质,轴承支撑结构应和暗室地板
接地。
7 试验布置
7.1 电场天线接地
匹配单元应安装在地平面上,以使接地电感最小。如果使用户外试验场地(OTS),制造商推荐的
地网应放置于地面上并连接到长度至少为2m的接地棒以确保电感最小。不允许使用通过天线电缆
在接收机端接地的浮动地网。
7.2 电场天线位置
单极天线置于地面上,距车辆的最近部分3m±0.03m。如图3所示,测量时天线的四个位置
如下:
---车前和车后位置,并位于车辆的中心线上;
---车辆左、右两侧位置,并位于前、后轴之间中线上。
图3 天线相对于车辆的位置
7.3 磁场天线位置
环天线中心距地面1.3m±0.05m,距车辆的最近部分3m±0.03m。环天线支架应能实现环天线
的两个极化方向。用垂直于环平面的磁场矢量方向来表示极化方向(也是环天线最大响应的方向),如
图4所示,环天线的方向为:
---径向:环天线的最大磁场响应方向是垂直指向车辆的方向;
---横向:环天线的最大磁场响应方向是水平的并垂直于径向方向。
天线与车辆的相对位置为:
---车前和车后位置,并位于车辆的中心线上;
---车辆左、右两侧位置,并位于前、后轴之间中线上。
a) 环天线径向方向
图4 径向和横向环天线的方向和位置
8 试验程序
8.1 默认工作条件
车辆运行模式见表4。所有的运行模式中电驱动系统应处于驱动模式。与运行模式的偏离应在试
验报告中详细记录。
表4 车辆运行模式
运行模式 说明
低速 车速为16km/h,道路负荷按照车辆满载情况设置
高速
如果车辆在电驱动系统工作情况下无法达到70km/h的速度要求,车辆应工作于最大车速
注:如果车辆无法在测功机上完成试验,可使用轮轴支架支起车辆进行试验。
8.2 试验步骤
试验前可进行初步观察,具体方法参见附录B。试验步骤为:
a) 道路负荷按照车辆满载情况设置,车速为40km/h的稳定条件运行车辆;
b) 按照7.2的要求布置单极天线,记录电场测量数据;
c) 按照7.3的要求布置环天线,记录磁场的两个方向的测量数据;
d) 依据步骤b)和步骤c)相对于限值的最大测量结果,确定最大发射方向。如果车辆的两个不同
的侧面的最高电平大致相等,那么可以选择其中一个侧面作为最大辐射方向;
f) 在车辆最大发射侧面进行电场峰值扫描和磁场峰值扫描。
8.3 试验报告
试验报告应记录仪器设置、车辆最大发射侧面测量结果、车辆运行模式等。
附 录 A
(资料性附录)
限值推导
A.1 电场限值资料
宽带峰值脉冲的电场强度的推荐限值最初定义为10m测量距离的限值,20MHz时带宽归一化
1kHz,限值为12dB(μV/m)并和频率成反比。基础性研究见式(A.1)。
÷ (A.1)
式中:
f---频率,单位为千赫兹(kHz)。
将式(A.1)从相对于14kHz的计算方式转变为相对于拐点频率20MHz的计算方式,限值见式
(A.2)。
LE10m_BB=12.0-20lg
÷ (A.2)
式中:
f---频率,单位为兆赫兹(MHz)。
基础性研究设定了接收电压和带宽固定比例关系,而汽车发射限值不使用归一化带宽,使用该比例
关系去除归一化,同时保留原来的峰值电压限值。为了与目前的GB 14023-2011在30MHz时带宽归
一化1kHz所对应的12.4dB(μV/m)的峰值宽带限值保持一致,对限值进行小的改动,并去除归一化,
限值见式(A.3)和式(A.4)。
LE10m=12.4+20lg(9)-20lg
÷ (A.3)
LE10m=31.5-20lg
÷ (A.4)
式中:
A.3 电场峰值限值
由于电场和磁场的近场测量时,与距离立方成反比的场分量占主导,所以使用三阶换算方法。近场
的边界距离条件见式(A.5)。
dNFB f()=
2π=
150
πf
(A.5)
近场频率范围见表A.1,限值换算如下:
测量距离 近场频率范围
10m(基础性研究) f≤4.77MHz
3m(本标准) f≤15.92MHz
a) f >15.92MHz时的限值换算
对于3m 和10m 的测量距离均是远场,限值的换算与距离成反比,见式(A.6)、式(A.7)和
式(A.8)。
LE3m=LE10m+20lg
÷ (A.6)
LE3m=67.98-20lg(f)(15.92< f< 20MHz)(A.7)
b)4.77MHz≤f≤15.92MHz时的限值换算
限值从10m到近场边界进行换算时与距离成反比,从近场边界到3m进行换算时与测试距离的
立方成反比,见式(A.9)和式(A.10)。
LE3m=LE10m+20lg
dNFB(f)
êê
úú+60lg
dNFB(f)
êê
LE3m=116.05-60lg(f) (A.10)
c) f≤4.77MHz时限值换算
由于3m和10m的测量距离均位于近场区,因此限值的换算与距离的立方成比例,见式(A.11)和
式(A.12)。
LE3m=LE10m+60lg
÷ (A.11)
LE3m=88.89-20lg(f) (A.12)
A.4 磁场峰值限值
推荐的磁场强度限值都是通过与电场强度限值与自由空间波阻抗计算得出,见式(A.13)和
LH3m=LE3m+20lg
377
÷ (A.13)
LH3m=LE3m-51.53 (A.14)
注:实际电场强度和磁场强度之间的换算关系不是自由空间波阻抗。限值选择这种换算关系是因为地面波或低角
度天波干扰信号保护通常适用于这种换算关系。
附 录 B
(资料性附录)
初步观察
可收听长波的信号,则可使用长波信号)的收听来初步主观观察电动汽车的电磁辐射与操作模式之间的
关系。初步观察可以使用车辆的内置天线和收音机,也可使用安装于车顶的单极天线和无线电接收机
组成的临时接收系统。使用临时接收系统则应注意天线与车体的接地,无线电接收机宜使用独立电池
运行。初步观察应在白天进行,在整个波段内至少选听三个微弱信号频道。
GB/T 18387-2017
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
T 09
Replacing GB/T 18387-2008
Limits and test method of magnetic and
electric field strength from electric vehicles
ISSUED ON. MAY 12, 2017
IMPLEMENTED ON. DECEMBER 1, 2017
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China.
3. No action is required - Full-copy of this standard will be automatically &
immediately delivered to your EMAIL address in 0~60 minutes.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Limit requirements ... 6
5 Test site ... 7
6 Test instruments ... 7
7 Test arrangement ... 8
8 Test procedures ... 10
Annex A (Informative) Limit derivation ... 12
Annex B (Informative) Preliminary observation ... 15
Foreword
This Standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Standard replaces GB/T 18387-2008 Limits and test method of magnetic
and electric field strength from electric vehicles, broadband, 9kHz to 30MHz.
Compared with GB/T 18387-2008, the major technical changes in this Standard
are as follows.
— MODIFY the standard name;
— MODIFY the test frequency band (SEE Chapter 1);
— MODIFY the electromagnetic field emission intensity limit (SEE Chapter
4);
— DELETE the limit requirements for conducted emission and relevant test
contents (SEE Subclause 4.2 in 2008 edition);
— MODIFY the layout height of the loop antenna (SEE Subclause 7.3);
— DELETE the magnetic field measurement in a vertical direction (SEE
Subclause 5.4.3 in 2008 edition);
— MODIFY the operating mode of the test vehicles (SEE Subclause 8.1).
This Standard was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information
Technology of the People’s Republic of China.
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of the National Technical
Committee for Standardization of Motor Vehicles (SAC/TC 114).
Drafting organizations of this Standard. China Automotive Technology &
Research Center, Beijing New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd, Anhui Ankai
Automobile Co., Ltd, SAIC Motor Corporation Limited, Zhengzhou Yutong Bus
Co., Ltd, BYD Auto Industry Co., Ltd, China Automotive Engineering Research
Institute Co., Ltd, SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd, Great Wall Motor
Company Limited, Xiangyang Da’an Automobile Test Center, Dongfeng Motor
Corporation, Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center Co., Ltd, Shanghai Motor
Vehicle Inspection Center, Beiqi Foton Motor Co., Ltd, BMW Brilliance
Automotive Ltd, Zhejiang Geely Automobile Research Institute Co., Ltd, and
SAIC Volkswagen Automotive Co., Ltd.
Main drafters of this Standard. Ding Yifu, Zhou Rong, Liu Haiming, Li Bo, Ge
Fei, Huang Xuemei, Cheng Jinhua, Liu Xin, He Yuntang, Li Zhenshan, Zhou
Limits and test method of magnetic and
electric field strength from electric vehicles
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the limits of the electric field and magnetic field
emission intensity and the test methods for the vehicles. The test frequency
shall be within the range of 150kHz to 30MHz.
This Standard is applicable to the blade electric vehicles, hybrid electric
vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles and other types of electric vehicles.
2 Normative references
dated references, only the editions with the dates indicated are applicable to
this document. For undated references, only the latest editions (including all the
amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 6113.101 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods of measurement - Part 1-1. Radio disturbance and
immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring equipment
GB/T 6113.104 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods - Part 1-4. Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus - Radiated disturbance measuring antenna and test
GB 14023-2011 Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engine - Radio
disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the
protection of off-board receivers
GB/T 29259 Road vehicle - Electromagnetic compatibility terminology
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 29259 are applicable to this
document.
scans may be required to ensure that the maximum value is measured.
6.3 Antenna
antennas apply to this Standard.
a) electric field antenna. 1m long monopole antenna, installed perpendicular
to the ground, and equipped with an antenna matching unit;
b) magnetic field antenna. electrostatically-shielded loop antenna with a
diameter of 60cm.
Note. Monopolar antenna and loop antenna products with known antenna correction factors can be used.
The attenuation / gain between the antenna and the receiver shall be properly corrected.
6.4 Antenna matching unit
The matching unit of the 1m long monopole antenna shall be calibrated
exceed the rated pulse input or possible overload of the matching unit.
6.5 Dynamometer
The dynamometer equipped for the test site shall be able to ensure that all
driving wheels rotate at a consistent speed. The maximum speed of the drum
shall meet the requirements of the maximum test speed. In addition, it is able
to provide a typical continuous road load torque. The drum of the dynamometer
shall be of metal material. The bearing support structure shall be grounded to
the darkroom floor.
7 Test arrangement
The matching unit shall be mounted on the ground plane to minimize the ground
inductance. If an outdoor test site (OTS) is used, the grounding grid
recommended by the manufacturer shall be placed on the ground and
connected to a ground rod with a length of at least 2m to ensure that the
inductance is minimal. It is not permissible to use a floating grounding grid that
is grounded at the receiver end via an antenna cable.
7.2 Position of the electric field antenna
The monopole antenna is placed on the ground, 3m ± 0.03m from the nearest
part of the vehicle. As shown in Figure 3, the four positions of the antenna are
The operating modes of the vehicle are shown in Table 4. In all operating modes,
the electric drive system shall be in drive mode. Deviations from the operating
modes shall be documented in details in the test report.
Table 4 -- Operating Modes of the Vehicle
Operating mode Description
Low speed The vehicle runs at a speed of 16km/h, and the road load is set according to the full load conditions of the vehicle.
High speed
Depressing of the accelerator or setup of the cruise control system produces a
rated speed of 70km/h. The road load is set according to the full load conditions
the operating condition of the electric drive system. The vehicle shall operate at
the maximum speed.
Note. If the vehicle cannot be tested on the dynamometer, the axle bracket can be used to set up the
vehicle for testing.
8.2 Test steps
Preliminary observations can be made before the test. REFER to Annex B for
specific methods. The test steps are as follows.
a) SET the road load according to the full load conditions of the vehicle. RUN
the vehicle at a stable speed of 40km/h.
Subclause 7.2. RECORD the electric field measurement data.
c) ARRANGE the loop antenna according to the requirements of Subclause
7.3. RECORD the measurement data in two directions of the magnetic field.
d) DETERMINE the maximum emission direction based on the maximum
result of measurement relative to the limits in Steps b) and c). If the highest
level of the two different sides of the vehicle is substantially equal, then one
of the sides may be selected as the maximum radiation direction.
e) RUN the vehicle in accordance with the operating mode in Table 4.
f) SCAN the peaks of the electric field and magnetic field on the maximum
8.3 Test report
The test report shall record the instrument settings, the maximum emission side
of the vehicle, the operating modes of the vehicle, etc.
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