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渗碳轴承钢锻件 技术条件
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GBT 33522-2017
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标准编号: GB/T 33522-2017 (GB/T33522-2017)
中文名称: 渗碳轴承钢锻件 技术条件
英文名称: Carburizing bearing steel forgings -- Technical specification
行业: 国家标准 (推荐)
中标分类: J32
国际标准分类: 77.140.85
字数估计: 11,185
发布日期: 2017-02-28
实施日期: 2017-09-01
引用标准: GB/T 223.11; GB/T 223.12; GB/T 223.13; GB/T 223.14; GB/T 223.16; GB/T 223.17; GB/T 223.18; GB/T 223.19; GB/T 223.20; GB/T 223.21; GB/T 223.22; GB/T 223.23; GB/T 223.25; GB/T 223.26; GB/T 223.28; GB/T 223.29; GB/T 223.30; GB/T 223.31; GB/T 223.3; GB/T 223
起草单位: CITIC Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd
归口单位: National Large-scale Casting and Forging Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 506)
标准依据: National Standard Announcement No. 4 of 2017
提出机构: 中国机械工业联合会
发布机构: 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会
范围: 本标准规定了渗碳轴承钢锻件的订货要求、制造工艺、技术要求、检验规则和试验方法、验收和质量证明书及标志和包装。本标准适用于制造滚动轴承套圈及滚动体的优质渗碳轴承钢锻件的订货、制造和检验。
GB/T 33522-2017: 渗碳轴承钢锻件 技术条件
GB/T 33522-2017 英文名称: Carburizing bearing steel forgings -- Technical specification
ICS 77.140.85
J32
中华人民共和国国家标准
2017-02-28发布
2017-09-01实施
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局
中国国家标准化管理委员会发布
前言
本标准按照GB/T 1.1-2009给出的规则起草。
本标准由中国机械工业联合会提出。
本标准由全国大型铸锻件标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC506)归口。
本标准起草单位:中信重工机械股份有限公司。
本标准主要起草人:马宏、赵永让、张连振、史宇麟、李昌义、石如星、刘铁山。
渗碳轴承钢锻件 技术条件
1 范围
本标准规定了渗碳轴承钢锻件的订货要求、制造工艺、技术要求、检验规则和试验方法、验收和质量
证明书及标志和包装。
本标准适用于制造滚动轴承套圈及滚动体的优质渗碳轴承钢锻件的订货、制造和检验。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文
件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 223(所有部分) 钢铁及合金化学分析方法
GB/T 224 钢的脱碳层深度测定法
GB/T 225 钢 淬透性的末端淬火试验方法(Jominy试验)
GB/T 226 钢的低倍组织及缺陷酸蚀检验法
GB/T 231.1 金属材料 布氏硬度试验 第1部分:试验方法
GB/T 908 锻制钢棒尺寸、外形、重量及允许偏差
GB/T 1979 结构钢低倍组织缺陷评级图
GB/T 6394 金属平均晶粒度测定方法
GB/T 6402 钢锻件超声检测方法
GB/T 10561-2005 钢中非金属夹杂物含量的测定 标准评级图显微检验法
GB/T 20066 钢和铁 化学成分测定用试样的取样和制样方法
GB/T 21469 锤上钢质自由锻件机械加工余量与公差 一般要求
GB/T 21470 锤上钢质自由锻件机械加工余量与公差 盘、柱、环、筒类
GB/T 21471 锤上钢质自由锻件机械加工余量与公差 轴类
JB/T 9179(所有部分) 液压机上钢质自由锻件机械加工余量与公差
3 订货要求
3.1 需方应在订货合同中规定锻件的名称、材料牌号、交货状态和供货数量。
3.2 订货时,需方(或供方)应提供经双方认可的订货图样和相关技术文件。
3.3 当需方有补充要求时,应在合同中注明。
3.4 锻件以正火加回火或退火状态交货,或以供需双方商定的状态交货。
4 制造工艺
4.1 冶炼
锻件用钢应采用钢包精炼或钢包精炼加电渣重熔工艺。经需方同意也可采用保证质量的其他方法
冶炼。
4.2 锻造
4.2.1 锻件应采用钢锭或轧(锻)材锻造成形。钢锭两端应有足够的切除量,确保锻件无缩孔、疏松和
严重的成分偏析。锻件应在有足够能力的锻压设备上采用合理的工艺方法锻造成形,保证充分锻透和
组织均匀。
4.2.2 钢锭锻造,直接拔长锻造,锻造比应≥3;经墩粗,拔长锻造,锻造比应≥2.5。
4.2.3 锻材或轧材锻造,锻造比应≥1.5。
4.3 热处理
锻件锻造成形后,应进行正火加回火或退火热处理。
5 技术要求
5.1 化学成分
5.1.1 推荐典型材料牌号及化学成分见表1,经供需双方同意,也可选用其他材料牌号。
5.1.2 供方应对每炉钢液进行化学成分分析,测定规定元素的质量分数,化学成分应符合规定的要求。
5.1.3 需方可在代表每个熔炼炉号的锻件成品中取样分析,成品化学成分应符合表1的规定,但允许
有表2规定的偏差。
5.2 硬度
锻件经正火加回火或退火处理后,其硬度不大于229HBW,其中G17Cr2Ni3MnMo、G20Cr2Ni4硬度不大于241HBW。
5.3 金相组织
5.3.1 低倍组织和非金属夹杂物
5.3.1.1 低倍组织检验试样不应有白点、缩孔、夹杂物以及严重的缩松或偏析。低倍组织的合格级别应
符合表3的规定。
5.3.2 晶粒度
晶粒度应为6级或更细。
5.4 无损检测
5.4.1 一般要求
锻件应无裂纹、折叠、斑疤、凹坑等影响产品质量的表面缺陷;若有表面缺陷,应采取不影响产品质
量的方法清除,其表面缺陷的检验规则和试验方法及允许深度由供需双方商定。
5.4.2 超声检测
锻件超声检测质量等级要求由供需双方商定。
5.5 尺寸、外形、允许偏差
锻件的外形、尺寸及其允许偏差应符合 GB/T 908、GB/T 21469、GB/T 21470、GB/T 21471、
JB/T 9179其中之一或按供需双方选用的标准执行。
5.6 其他技术要求
经供需双方商定,可采用附录A中规定的补充技术要求。
6.1 化学成分分析
6.1.1 分析方法
化学分析方法按GB/T 223的规定执行。
6.1.2 熔炼分析
熔炼分析所用的试样由浇注时取样,应和钢锭冶炼炉号相同,取样和制样方法应按GB/T 20066的
规定执行。电渣重熔熔炼分析以自耗电极制备时的熔炼分析为准或双方共同商定的取样方法。
6.1.3 成品分析
如需方要求在锻件成品中取样分析,取样和制样方法应按GB/T 20066的规定执行。
6.2 硬度检验
6.3 金相检验
6.3.1 低倍组织检验和非金属夹杂物评级
6.3.1.1 低倍组织检验和非金属夹杂物评级取样的数量、部位、试样尺寸由供需双方商定。
6.3.1.2 低倍酸蚀检验按GB/T 226中规定在60℃~80℃的1∶1盐酸水溶液中进行,或在温度为
30℃的15%~20%(容积比)工业盐酸水溶液中进行电解腐蚀,腐蚀电压小于20V,电流密度为
0.1A/cm2~1A/cm2,时间为15min~20min,腐蚀面与电极平行,极间距不小于20mm。低倍组织检
验按GB/T 1979评定。
6.3.1.3 非金属夹杂物评级应按GB/T 10561-2005规定,采用A法检验评定。试样尺寸为20mm×
20mm,并在锻件或锻造试块的中心至表面1/2部位切取。
6.3.2.1 晶粒度评定应按GB/T 6394中的比较法或由供需双方商定的方法执行。
6.3.2.2 不符合要求的锻件可重新正火加回火或退火处理后再评定,重新热处理次数不得超过2次。
6.4 超声检测
锻件超声检测方法应按GB/T 6402的规定或由供需双方商定的标准执行。
7 验收和质量证明书
7.1 验收
供方应按本标准和合同规定的项目对锻件进行检查。
供方应向需方的验收人员提供方便,以便于需方验收人员进行现场检查工作。需方验收人员不应
对供方的生产造成妨碍。若无其他协议,本标准所涉及的全部试验和检查均应在供方进行。
根据合同或需方的要求,供方在交货时应同时提供按本标准生产和检验的质量证明书。质量证明
书一般应包括以下内容:
a) 订货合同号;
b) 锻件图号和材料牌号;
c) 产品执行的标准编号;
d) 冶炼方法、熔炼炉号和锻件标识号;
e) 化学成分分析结果;
f) 其他检验和需方要求补充检验的结果。
8 标志和包装
供方应在每个锻件水口端上清晰标记合同号、图号、材料牌号、熔炼炉号和锻件标识号和供方名称
等标志,并用白漆圈上。
8.2 包装
供方应对每个锻件的外表面进行适当包装保护,以防止在运输和保管过程中损坏或腐蚀。
GB/T 33522-2017
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.140.85
J 32
Carburizing Bearing Steel Forgings –
Technical Specifications
ISSUED ON. FEBRUARY 28, 2017
IMPLEMENTED ON. SEPTEMBER 01, 2017
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Ordering Requirements ... 5
4 Manufacturing Process ... 5
5 Technical Requirements ... 6
6 Inspection Rules and Test Methods ... 9
7 Acceptance and Quality Certificate ... 11
8 Mark and Package ... 11
Appendix A (Informative) Supplementary Technical Requirements ... 13
Carburizing Bearing Steel Forgings –
Technical Specifications
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the ordering requirements, manufacturing process, technical
requirements, inspection rules and test methods, acceptance and quality certificate,
mark and package of carburizing bearing steel forgings.
This Standard is applicable to the ordering, manufacturing and inspection of high-
quality carburizing bearing steel forgings used for manufacturing rolling bearing rings
and rolling elements.
2 Normative References
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the
dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this
document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the
amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 223 (all parts) Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy
GB/T 224 Determination of Depth of Decarburization of Steels
GB/T 225 Steel - Hardenability Test by End Quenching (Jominy Test)
GB/T 226 Test Method for Macrostructure and Defect of Steel by Etching
GB/T 231.1 Metallic Materials – Brinell Hardness Test – Part 1. Test Method
GB/T 908 Forged Round and Square Steels Dimension, Shape, Weight and
Tolerance
GB/T 1979 Standard Diagrams for Macrostructure and Defect of Structural Steels
GB/T 6394 Metal – Methods for Estimating the Average Grain Size
GB/T 6402 Steel Forgings – Method for Ultrasonic Examination
GB/T 10561-2005 Steel - Determination of Content of Nonmetallic Inclusions -
Micrographic Method Using Standards Diagrams
GB/T 20066 Steel and Iron-Sampling and Preparation of Samples for the
Determination of Chemical Composition
GB/T 21469 Machining Allowances and Tolerances for Steel Open Die Forgings
on Hammer - General Requirement
GB/T 21470 Machining Allowances and Tolerances for Steel Open Die Forgings
on Hammer - Disks Columns Rings and Seamless Cylindrical Sleeves
GB/T 21471 Machining Allowances and Tolerances for Steel Open Die Forgings
on Hammer - Shafts
JB/T 9179 (all parts) Machining Allowances and Tolerances of Open Die Forgings
on Hydraulic Press
3 Ordering Requirements
3.1 The purchaser shall specify the name, material grade, delivery status and supply
quantity of the forgings in the ordering contract.
3.2 At the time of ordering, the purchaser (or supplier) shall provide the ordering
drawings and related technical documents approved by both sides.
3.3 When the purchaser has supplementary requirements, it shall be specified in the
contract.
3.4 The forgings are delivered in the normalized, tempered and annealed conditions;
or delivered in the state agreed between the supplier and the purchaser.
4 Manufacturing Process
The forgings shall adopt ladle refining or ladle refining and slag re-melting process.
Other smelting methods that guarantee the quality can also be adopted.
4.2 Forging
4.2.1 The forgings shall be forged with steel ingots or rolled (forged) materials. Both
ends of the steel ingot shall be remained enough length for cutting; so as to ensure the
forgings have on shrinkage, looseness and severe compositional segregation.
Forgings shall be forged in a forging equipment with adequate capabilities using
The specimen for smelting analysis shall be sampled during casting period; it shall
have the same furnace number with the steel ingot; the sampling and sample
electro-slag re-melting smelting analysis shall be based on the smelting analysis when
the consumable electrode is prepared or the sampling method agreed by the supplier
and the purchaser.
6.1.3 Analysis of the finished products
If the purchaser requires sampling and analyzing from the finished forgings, then the
sampling and sample preparation method shall be implemented as per the provisions
of GB/T 20066.
6.2 Hardness test
The hardness test method shall be implemented as per the provisions of GB/T 231.1;
6.3 Metallographic examination
6.3.1 Macrostructure inspection and non-metallic inclusion rating
6.3.1.1 The sampling quantities, sampling positions, specimen size for
macrostructure inspection and non-metallic inclusion rating shall be agreed by the
supplier and the purchaser.
6.3.1.2 The macrostructure etching test shall be performed in the 1.1 hydrochloric
acid aqueous solution at 60°C~80°C according to the provisions of GB/T 226; or
perform electrolytic corrosion in 15%~20% (volume ratio) industrial hydrochloric acid
aqueous solution at 30°C; the corrosion voltage is less than 20V; current intensity is
electrode; and the pole spacing is no less than 20mm. Macrostructure inspection shall
be rated as per GB/T 1979.
6.3.1.3 The non-metallic inclusion rating shall adopt Method A to inspect and rate as
per the provisions of GB/T 10561-2005. The specimen size is 20mm×20mm, cut at the
position about 1/2 from the center to the surface of the forgings or forging test block.
6.3.2 Evaluation of grain size
6.3.2.1 The grain size evaluation shall be performed as per the comparison method
in GB/T 6394 or agreed by the supplier and the purchaser.
6.3.2.2 For the forgings that don’t meet the requirements, they can be renormalized,
shall not exceed twice.
Appendix A
(Informative)
Supplementary Technical Requirements
A.1 General
Only when specified in the contract, some or all of the following technical requirements
apply. The adoption of technical requirements shall have the same effect as the text of
this Standard. The details of the technical requirements are agreed by both sides; but
the text of this Standard shall not be denied.
The purchaser can require the supplier to provide the analysis results for the chemical
compositions of titanium, aluminum, oxygen and the like elements; then the sampling
quantity and position shall be agreed by the supplier and the purchaser.
A.3 “SAM” inclusion rating system
A.3.1 In addition to rating of the non-metallic inclusions as specified in 6.3.1.3, the
purchaser can designate to adopt “SAM” inclusion rating system. This is a method to
determine the purity of the bearing steel. In addition to evaluating the serious
conditions, such rating system can also reflect the frequency of the occurrence of
larger particle oxidized inclusions; the results shall be expressed by two rating grades
A.3.2 The sampling shall be implemented as per the provisions of 6.3.1.1 and 6.3.1.3.
A.3.3 The inclusion rating shall be performed as per 6.3.1.3 or agreed by the supplier
and the purchaser.
A.4 Adding calcium
Without the special permission of the purchaser, the supplier can’t intentionally add
calcium or alloys to deoxidize or control the inclusion morphology. Lime and/or fluorite
are allowed during the slagging period.
A.5 Magnetic powder method
Except for the non-metallic inclusion rating method specified in 6.3.1.3, the purchaser
the purchaser.
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