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食品卫生微生物学检验 总则
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GBT 4789.1-2008
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标准编号: GB/T 4789.1-2008 (GB/T4789.1-2008)
中文名称: 食品卫生微生物学检验 总则
英文名称: Microbiological examination of food hygiene. General guidelines
行业: 国家标准 (推荐)
中标分类: C53
国际标准分类: 07.100.30
字数估计: 7,735
发布日期: 2008-11-21
实施日期: 2009-03-01
旧标准 (被替代): GB/T 4789.1-2003
引用标准: GB/T 4789; GB/T 4789.28; GB 14938; GB 19489
起草单位: 中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所
归口单位: 中华人民共和国卫生部
标准依据: 国家标准批准发布公告2008年第22号(总第135号);卫通(2010)7号;国家标准批准发布公告2010年第5号(总第160号)
提出机构: 中华人民共和国卫生部
发布机构: 中华人民共和国卫生部、中国国家标准化管理委员会
范围: 本标准规定了食品卫生微生物学检验基本原则和要求;本标准适用于食品卫生微生物学检验;
GB/T 4789.1-2008
Microbiological examination of food hygiene.General guidelines
ICS ０７．１００．３０
C５３
中华人民共和国国家标准
GB/T ４７８９．１-２００８
代替GB/T ４７８９．１-２００３
食品卫生微生物学检验 总则
２００８-１１-２１发布
２００９-０３-０１实施
中 华 人 民 共 和 国 卫 生 部
中国国家标准化管理委员会 发 布
前言
本标准代替GB/T ４７８９．１-２００３《食品卫生微生物学检验 总则》。
本标准与GB/T ４７８９．１-２００３相比主要修改如下：
---增加了微生物实验室的基本要求，包括环境、人员、设备；
---修改了样品的采集，增加了采样方案的类型及判定；
---修改了样品检验，增加了质量控制；
---增加了检验后样品的处理。
本标准由中华人民共和国卫生部提出并归口。
本标准由中华人民共和国卫生部负责解释。
本标准负责起草单位：中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所。
本标准参加起草单位：中华人民共和国内蒙古出入境检验检疫局、上海市疾病预防控制中心、中华
人民共和国江苏出入境检验检疫局、浙江省疾病预防控制中心、中华人民共和国辽宁出入境检验检
疫局。
本标准主要起草人：刘秀梅、刘中学、刘弘、田静、郭云昌、祝长青、程苏云、卢行安、王君。
本标准所代替标准的历年版本发布情况为：
---GB ４７８９．１-１９８４、GB/T ４７８９．１-１９９４、GB/T ４７８９．１-２００３。
GB/T ４７８９．１-２００８
食品卫生微生物学检验 总则
１ 范围
本标准规定了食品卫生微生物学检验基本原则和要求。
本标准适用于食品卫生微生物学检验。
２ 规范性引用文件
下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有
的修改单（不包括勘误的内容）或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究
是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。
GB/T ４７８９（所有部分） 食品卫生微生物学检验
GB/T ４７８９．２８ 食品卫生微生物学检验 染色法、培养基和试剂
GB １４９３８ 食物中毒诊断标准及技术处理总则
GB １９４８９ 实验室生物安全通用要求
３ 实验室基本要求
３．１ 环境
３．１．１ 实验室环境不应影响检验结果的准确性。
３．１．２ 实验室的工作区域应与办公室区域明显分开。
３．１．３ 实验室工作面积和总体布局应能满足从事检验工作的需要，实验室布局应采用单方向工作流
程，避免交叉污染。
３．１．４ 实验室内环境的温度、湿度、照度、噪声和洁净度等应符合工作要求。
３．１．５ 一般样品检验应在洁净区域［包括超净工作台或洁净实验室（局部百级）］进行，洁净区域应有明
显的标识。
３．１．６ 病原微生物分离鉴定工作应在二级生物安全实验室（ｂｉｏｓａｆｅｔｙｌｅｖｅｌ２，ＢＳＬ-２）中进行。
３．２ 人员
３．２．１ 检验人员应具有相应的教育、微生物专业培训经历，具备相应的资质，能够理解并正确实施
检验。
３．２．２ 检验人员应掌握实验室生物检验安全操作知识和消毒知识。
３．２．３ 检验人员应在检验过程中保持个人整洁与卫生，防止人为污染样品。
３．２．４ 检验人员应在检验过程中遵守相关预防措施的规定，保证自身安全。
３．２．５ 有颜色视觉障碍的人员不能执行涉及到辨色的实验。
３．３ 设备
３．３．１ 实验设备应满足检验工作的需要。
３．３．２ 实验设备应放置于适宜的环境条件下，便于维护、清洁、消毒与校准，并保持整洁与良好的工作
状态。
３．３．３ 实验设备应定期进行检查、检定（加贴标识）、维护和保养，以确保工作性能和操作安全。
３．３．４ 实验设备应有日常性监控记录和使用记录。
３．４ 检验用品
３．４．１ 常规检验用品主要有接种环（针）、酒精灯、镊子、剪刀、药匙、消毒棉球、硅胶（棉）塞、微量移液
GB/T ４７８９．１-２００８
GB/T 4789.1-2008
Microbiological examination of food hygiene. General guidelines
ICS 07.100.30
C53
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replacing GB/T 4789.1-2003
Microbiological examination of food hygiene - General
Posted 2008-11-21
2009-03-01 implementation
People's Republic of China Ministry of Health
Standardization Administration of China released
Foreword
This standard replaces GB/T 4789.1-2003 "General Microbiological examination of food hygiene."
This standard compared with GB/T 4789.1-2003 The main changes are as follows.
--- Increasing the microbiology laboratory of the basic requirements, including the environment, personnel, equipment;
--- Modify the sample collection, increasing the sampling scheme and the type of determination;
--- Modify the sample inspection, increased quality control;
--- Increased processing test samples.
This standard is proposed and administered by the People's Republic of China Ministry of Health.
This standard by the People's Republic of China Ministry of Health is responsible for interpretation.
This standard is drafted by. China Center for Disease Control Nutrition and Food Safety.
Participated in the drafting of this standard. Inner Mongolia People's Republic of China Exit Inspection and Quarantine, the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
Jiangsu People's Republic of Exit Inspection and Quarantine, CDC, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China Liaoning Entry-Exit Inspection and
Quarantine Bureau.
The main drafters of this standard. Xiumei, Liu middle school, Liu Hong, Tian Jing, Guo Yunchang, Zhu Changqing, Chengsu Yun, Lu Hangan, Wang Jun.
The standard version of the calendar year instead of the standard release of case.
--- GB 4789.1-1984, GB/T 4789.1-1994, GB/T 4789.1-2003.
Microbiological examination of food hygiene - General
1 Scope
This standard specifies the Microbiological examination of food hygiene basic principles and requirements.
This standard applies to Microbiological examination of food hygiene.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this standard and become the standard terms. For dated references, subsequent
Amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this standard, however, encourage the parties to the agreement are based on research
Whether the latest versions of these documents. For undated reference documents, the latest versions apply to this standard.
GB/T 4789 (all parts) Microbiological examination of food hygiene
GB/T 4789.28 Microbiological examination of food hygiene staining, media and reagents
GB 14938 food poisoning diagnostic criteria and technical General
GB 19489 General requirements for laboratory biosafety
3 laboratory basic requirements
3.1 Environment
3.1.1 The laboratory environment should not affect the accuracy of test results.
3.1.2 The laboratory work area and office area should be clearly separated.
3.1.3 The laboratory work area and overall layout should be able to meet the needs of engaged in inspection work, the laboratory should use the layout of one-way workflow
Cheng, avoid cross-contamination.
3.1.4 laboratory temperature, humidity, illumination, noise and cleanliness, etc. should meet the job requirements.
3.1.5 General test sample should be in a clean area [including clean bench or clean laboratory (partial one hundred)] were, clean area should be clear
Significant identity.
3.1.6 Isolation and identification of pathogenic micro-organisms should be carried out in two biosafety laboratory (biosafetylevel2, BSL-2) in.
3.2 staff
3.2.1 The inspectors should have the appropriate education, professional training experience microbes, have the appropriate qualifications, can be understood and properly implemented
test.
3.2.2 The inspectors should have a working knowledge of laboratory bio-safety testing and disinfection knowledge.
3.2.3 Inspection personnel should maintain personal cleanliness and hygiene in the inspection process to prevent human contamination of the sample.
3.2.4 Inspection personnel shall comply with the relevant precautions in the inspection process, to ensure their own safety.
3.2.5 color visually impaired person can not perform experiments related to color vision.
3.3 Device
3.3.1 The test equipment should meet the needs of inspection work.
3.3.2 The laboratory equipment should be placed in appropriate environmental conditions, ease of maintenance, cleaning, disinfection and calibration, and kept clean and in good working
status.
3.3.3 The laboratory equipment should be regularly checked, test (add logo), maintenance and repair, in order to ensure the performance and operational safety.
3.3.4 laboratory equipment should be routine monitoring records and use records.
3.4 Test Supplies
3.4.1 routine testing supplies mainly inoculation loop (needle), alcohol lamp, tweezers, scissors, spoon, sterile cotton balls, silica gel (cotton) plug micropipette
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