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汽车转向拉杆总成性能要求及台架试验方法
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QCT 648-2015
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标准编号: QC/T 648-2015 (QC/T648-2015)
中文名称: 汽车转向拉杆总成性能要求及台架试验方法
英文名称: Performance requirements and bench test methods of automotive steering tie rod assy
行业: 汽车行业标准 (推荐)
中标分类: T23
国际标准分类: 43.040.50
字数估计: 15,144
发布日期: 2015-10-10
实施日期: 2016-03-01
旧标准 (被替代): QC/T 304-1999; QC/T 648-2000; QC/T 650-2000
引用标准: GB/T 3730.2; GB/T 5179; JIS Z 8901
起草单位: 索密克汽车配件有限公司
归口单位: 全国汽车标准化技术委员会
标准依据: 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部公告 2015年 第63号;行业标准备案公告2016年第3号(总第195号)
范围: 本标准规定了汽车转向拉杆总成性能要求及台架试验方法。本标准适用于汽车使用的转向拉杆总成。
QC/T 648-2015: 汽车转向拉杆总成性能要求及台架试验方法
QC/T 648-2015 英文名称: Performance requirements and bench test methods of automotive steering tie rod assy
中华人民共和国汽车行业标准
QC/T 648-2015
代替 QC/T 304-1999，QC/T 648-2000，QC/T 650-2000
汽车转向拉杆总成性能要求及 台架试验方法
中华人民共和国工业和信息化部发布
1 范围
本标准规定了汽车转向拉杆总成性能要求及台架试验方法。 本标准适用于汽车使用的转向拉
杆总成。
2 规范性引用文件
下列标准对于本标准的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅所注日期的版本适用于 本标准。
凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本标准。
GB/T 3730.2 道路车辆质量词汇和代码
GB/T 5179 汽车转向系术语和定义
JIS Z 8901 试验粉末和试验微粒
4 性能要求
4.1 球接头总成基本性能
按 5.2 试验，球接头总成基本性能应满足产品图样要求。
4.2 球接头总成刚度
按 5.3 试验，球接头总成刚度应满足产品图样要求。
4.3 球接头总成强度
按 5.4 试验，球接头总成强度应满足产品图样要求。
4.4 球头销静态强度
按 5.5 试验，球头销静态强度应满足产品图样要求。
4.5 球接头总成耐久性试验
按5.6.1试验，产品经 100 万次耐久性试验后，球接头总成不得出现漏油现象，各零件不得有 裂纹、断裂等异常情况，且耐久性试验后球接头总成基本性能应满足产品图样要求。
按5.6.2试验，产品经规定的耐久性试验后，样件不得渗入泥沙和水，密封腔内的润滑脂不得 出现异常情况，密封防尘罩不得出现破损或老化等异常情况。
4.6 拉杆总成疲劳寿命
按 5.7 试验，经 100 万次以上疲劳寿命试验后，拉杆总成不得出现漏油现象，各零件不得有 裂纹、断裂等异常情况。
5 试验方法
5.1 试验设备及条件
5.1.1 试验所用设备必须满足相关项目试验条件要求，不得对试验样品功能产生不利的影响。性能 测试中所有记录各参数的仪器或仪表，其精度等级应不低于 0.5 级。耐久性试验中测量和指示各 参数的仪器或仪表的精度等级应不低于1.5 级。
5.1.2 除另有规定外，所有试验的环境温度 ：5℃—35℃。
5.1.3 试验样品应按照规定程序批准的图样和技术制造，其材料、尺寸、热处理及装配状态应符合 图样和技术文件规定。每项试验样品数量不少于 3 件。
5.2 球接头总成基本性能试验
5.2.1 球接头总成最大摆角。
5.2.1.1 如图 1 所示， 将从球头销直立的位置转到 A 方向以及和 A 方向成直角的 B 方向。
5.2.1.2 利用图 2 所示测量仪器测量最大摆角。
5.2.2 球接头总成转动力矩。
5.2.2.1 球接头总成转动力矩试验前停放 24 h 后，如图 3 所示，把球接头安装在试验夹具上。
5.2.2.2 试验前先使球头销沿任意方向往复摆动 5 次，摆动角度为最大摆角。然后使球头销沿任意方向转动 360°，
再沿相反方向回到初始位置，重复进行5 次。
5.2.2.3 测量转动力矩时，可利用扭力计或其他任何能满足 5.1.1 中规定的测量要求的测试仪器 测量力矩。
5.2.2.4 如图 3 所示， 将球头销轴线处于与球头销座轴线重合的位置，以 3°/s— 18°/s 的转动 速度在±40°范围内或在车轮最大转角设计值的90%范围内转动球接头，同时记录转动力矩与转动 角度的关系曲线。
5.2.2.5 使用扭力计测量时，可取稳定的数值作为均值。
5.2.3 球接头总成摆动力矩。
5.2.3.1 球接头总成摆动力矩试验前停放 24 h 后，如图 3 所示，把球接头总成安装在试验夹具上。
5.2.3.2 试验前先使球头销沿任意方向往复摆动 5 次，摆动角度为最大摆角。然后使球头销沿任意方向转动 360°，
再沿相反方向回到初始位置，重复进行5 次。
5.2.3.3 测量摆动力矩时，可利用拉力计或其他任何能满足5.1.1中规定的测量要求的测试仪器测 量力矩。
5.2.3.4 如图 3 所示， 使球头销轴线处于与球头销座重合的位置，以3°/s—18°/s的转动速度沿 A 方向或与 A 方向夹角为 90°的 B 方向在±20°范围内或在90%球接头总成最大摆角范围内摆动 球接头，同时记录摆动力矩与摆动角度的关系曲线。
5.2.3.5 使用拉力计测量时，可取稳定的数值作为力值。
5.3 球接头总成刚度试验
5.3.1 球接头总成轴向刚度试验。
5.3.1.1 如图4、图5所示，把球接头总成安装在试验夹具上，使球头销轴线处于与球头销座轴线重 合的位置并固定。
5.3.1.2 首先在轴向对球头销施加拉伸负荷使其达到产品图样技术条件中规定的轴向负荷的20% ，
然后卸载至0，再施加压缩负荷使其达到产品图样技术条件中规定的轴向负荷的 20%，然后卸载至 0 或按客户要求负荷加载。
5.3.1.3 重复上述过程，其负荷值应为产品图样技术条件中规定的轴向负荷值，同时记录出加载和
卸载整个过程中载荷与位移的关系曲线(见图6 、图7) 。
5.3.2 球接头总成径向刚度试验。
5.3.2.1 如图 8 所示， 将外球节安装在试验夹具上，固定时应保证安装尺寸尽量与实车一致。
5.3.2.2 如图4 、图5所示，使球头销轴线处于与球头销座轴线重合并固定。
5.3.2.3 首先沿球头销径向(垂直于球头销轴线)方向对球头销施加拉伸负荷使其达到产品图样技术 条件中规定的径向负荷的 20% ，然后卸载至0 ，再施加压缩负荷使其达到产品图样技术条件中规定的径向负荷的 20% ，然后卸载至0或按客户要求负荷加载。
5.3.2.4 重复上述过程，其负荷值应为产品图样技术条件中规定的径向负荷值，同时记录出加载和
卸载整个过程中载荷与位移的关系曲线(见图 6 、图7) 。
5.4 球接头总成强度试验
5.4.1 球接头总成挤压今强度试验。
5.4.1.1 如图9所示，将球接头总成固定在刚度足够的夹具上，使球头销轴线处于与球头销座轴线重合的位置。
5.4.1.2 沿球头销轴线方向施加压缩负荷，直至球头销从球头销座中脱出或达到规定载荷值，记录最大载荷值及载荷与位移的关系曲线。
5.4.2 球接头总成拉伸强度试验。
5.4.2.1 如图 10、图11 所示，将球接头总成固定在刚度足够的夹具上，使球头销处于垂直位置。
5.4.2.2 沿球头销轴线方向施加拉伸负荷，直至球头销从球头销座中脱出或达到规定载荷值，记录最大载荷值及载荷与位移的关系曲线。
5.5 球头销静态强度试验
5.5.1 如图 12 所示，将球头销固定在夹具上，夹具的材料、硬度以及安装尺寸、螺母紧固力矩应 与 实车一致。
5.5.2 如图 12 所示，沿与球头销轴线相垂直的方向施加载荷，且通过球头销球心，直至球头销 断裂或屈服。
记录载荷与位移关系曲线(见图 13) ，并计算出屈服载荷。
5.6 球接头总成耐久性试验
5.6.1 球接头总成温度环境耐久性试验。
5.6.1.1 对球接头总成按 5.2.2 、5.2.3 、5.3 进行转动力矩、摆动力矩及总成刚度的性能测试。
试验过程中，应对球接头总成进行冷却，确保球接头总成表面温度不得超过 70℃。
5.6.1.3 按如下条件对球接头总成进行温度环境耐久性试验：
a) 试验摆角： ±20°或产品图样规定的最大摆角的80%；
b) 摆动频率：1Hz—3Hz；
c) 试验转角： ± 40°或车轮最大转角设计值的 80%；
d) 转动频率：0.3 Hz—lHz；
e) 试验载荷方向：如图 14、图15 所示；
f) 试验载荷：与设计协商确定或施加前轴最大设计轴荷的 1/4；
g) 试验载荷波形：矩形波或按产品图样技术要求；
i) 试验次数：摆动循环次数为 100 万次以上；
j) 温度条件：常温： (20±5)℃；
高、低温：依据产品图样技术要求。
5.6.1.4 耐久性试验后，按 5.2.2 、5.2.3、5.3 进行转动力矩、摆动力矩及总成刚度的性能复 测，同 时拆解球接头并检查球头座和球头销的磨损程度。
QC/T 648-2015
QC
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.50
T 23
Replacing QC/T 304-1999, QC/T 648-2000, QC/T 650-2000
Performance requirements and bench
test methods of automotive steering tie rod assy
ISSUED ON. OCTOBER 10, 2015
IMPLEMENTED ON. MARCH 01, 2016
Issued by. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the
People's Republic of China
Appendix.
Number, name, and date of implementation of 13 automotive industry
standards
No. Standard number Standard name Number of standard replaced
Date of
implementation
649 QC/T 1014-2015 The starting motor commutator for automobile and motorcycle March 01, 2016
650 QC/T 1015-2015 Automotive air conditioner controller March 01, 2016
651 QC/T 501-2015 Automotive signal flasher QC/T 501-1999 March 01, 2016
652 QC/T 1016-2015 Door trim panel assembly for passenger cars March 01, 2016
653 QC/T 1017-2015 Headlamp cleaning nozzle assembly March 01, 2016
654 QC/T 1018-2015 Step plate for automotive March 01, 2016
655 QC/T 1019-2015
Performance requirements and
bench test methods of
automotive shift gears
March 01, 2016
656 QC/T 1020-2015
Test method for automotive
constant velocity cardan and
assemblies
March 01, 2016
657 QC/T 1021-2015
Performance requirements and
bench test methods of
automotive independent
suspension ball pin assembly
March 01, 2016
658 QC/T 648-2015
Performance requirements and
bench test methods of
automotive steering tie rod assy
QC/T 304-1999
QC/T 648-2000
QC/T 650-2000
March 01, 2016
659 QC/T 1022-2015
Technical specification for
reduction gearbox of battery
electric passenger cars
March 01, 2016
660 QC/T 1023-2015
General requirements for power
battery systems for electric
vehicles
March 01, 2016
661 QC/T 1024-2015 One-part polyurethane sealant for automobiles March 01, 2016
Table of contents
Foreword ... 5
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 Performance requirements ... 7
5 Test method ... 8
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009
“Directives for standardization – Part 1. Structure and drafting of standards”.
steering tie rod assy”, QC/T 648-2000 “Performance requirements and test of
automotive steering tie rod assy”, and QC/T 650-2000 “Performance
requirements and test methods of automotive steering tie rod ball pin”. As
compared with QC/T 304-1999, QC/T 648-2000, and QC/T 650-2000, the main
technical changes of this standard are as follows.
- INTEGRATE the performance, strength, and durability test methods and
performance requirements for the steering tie rod assembly and its
components;
- ADD and DETAIL some terms and definitions;
- MODIFY the ball joint assembly clearance test;
- MODIFY the relevant test of the tie rod assembly;
- DELETE the bending fatigue test of the ball pin;
- ADD the static strength test of the ball pin.
This standard was proposed by AND shall be under the jurisdiction of the
National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 114).
The drafting organization of this standard. SOMIC Auto Parts Co., Ltd.
The participating drafting organizations of this standard. First Automobile
Group Technology Center, Shanghai ZF Chassis Technology Co., Ltd.,
The main drafters of this standard. Shen Baiqing, Zhu Huiquan, Li Hong, Xi
Chuansen, Yang Kaiqu, Qi Jianliang, Shen Yongxiang, Pan Zhiqiang, Yu
Jinlong.
Performance requirements and bench
test methods of automotive steering tie rod assy
1 Scope
This standard specifies the performance requirements and bench test methods
of the steering tie rod assembly.
This standard applies to steering tie rod assembly for automotive use.
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) are applicable to this Standard.
GB/T 3730.2 Road vehicle – Masses – Vocabular and codes
GB/T 5179 Automotive steering systems – Terms and definitions
JIS Z 8901 Test powder and test particles
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
Maximum oscillating angle
As shown in Figure 1, the ball pin is swung back and forth in the direction
specified by the product drawing so that the ball pin in the ball joint
assembly is moved from one extreme position to the other extreme position
through the center of the ball pin holder, AND the ball pin is at the included
angle between the two extreme positions.
When tested in accordance with 5.3, the rigidity of the ball joint assembly shall
comply with the requirements of the product drawing.
4.3 Ball joint assembly strength
shall comply with the requirements of the product drawing.
4.4 Ball pin static strength
When tested in accordance with 5.5, the static strength of the ball pin shall
comply with the requirements of the product drawing.
4.5 Ball joint assembly durability test
When tested in accordance with 5.6.1, after the product has been tested for 1
million times, the ball joint assembly shall be free from oil leakage, the parts
shall not have any crack or breakage, AND the basic performance of the ball
joint assembly after the durability test shall comply with the requirements of the
When tested in accordance with 5.6.2, after the specified durability test, the
product sample shall have penetrated sediment or water, the grease in the
sealed cavity shall be free from abnormality, AND the sealed dust cover shall
be free from damage or aging.
4.6 Tie rod assembly fatigue life
When tested in accordance with 5.7, after the product has been subjected to
the fatigue life test for over 1 million times, the tie rod assembly shall be free
from oil leakage, AND the parts shall not have any crack or breakage
5 Test method
5.1.1 The equipment used in the test shall comply with the requirements of the
relevant item test conditions AND shall not adversely affect the function of the
test sample. As for all the instruments used to record all parameters in the
performance test, the accuracy level shall be not less than level 0.5. As for the
instruments used to measure and indicate all parameters in the durability test,
the accuracy level shall be not less than level 1.5.
5.1.2 Unless otherwise specified, the ambient temperature of all tests shall be
5 °C ~ 35 °C.
h) Test frequency. 0.1 Hz ~ 1 Hz OR in accordance with the technical
i) Number of tests. the number of oscillating cycles is more than 1 million
times;
j) Temperature conditions.
Room temperature. (20 ± 5) °C;
High and low temperature. according to product drawing requirements.
5.6.1.4 After the durability test, TEST the performance of the rotating torque,
oscillating torque, and assembly rigidity again in accordance with 5.2.2, 5.2.3,
and 5.3, and meanwhile DISASSEMBLE the ball joint holder to check the
degree of wear of the ball holder and the ball pin.
5.6.2.1 As shown in Figure 16, INSTALL the ball joint assembly onto the test
device, at a direction same as the installation direction of the actual automobile
as far as possible; ADJUST the size and shape of the text fixture as well as the
roughness of the fitting end surface of the ball pint assembly dust cover to be
same as the actual automobile as far as possible. Meanwhile, when installing
the test fixture, it shall ensure that the muddy water is sprayed over the sealing
part of the dust cover OR the enclosure end of the ball pin holder.
5.6.2.2 PERFORM test in accordance with the test conditions as specified in
5.6.2.3. In the test process, it shall cool down the ball joint assembly, to ensure
5.6.2.4 After the specified durability test, DISASSEMBLE the ball joint
assembly and CHECK the sediment and water penetration of sample, the
grease in the sealing cavity, and the sealing dust cover damage or ageing.
5.7 Tie rod assembly fatigue life test
5.7.1 INSTALL the tie rod assembly on the corresponding test device. The
installation, fixing and force of the tie rod assembly shall be in consistent with
the actual automobile status.
5.7.2 PERFORM the fatigue life tests in accordance with the test conditions
specified in 5.7.3. In the test process, it shall cool down the ball joint assembly,
exceed 70 °C.
5.7.3 PERFORM the fatigue life test of the tie rod assembly in accordance with
the following conditions.
a) Test load direction. as shown in Figure 17 and Figure 18;
b) Test load. determined through neg...
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