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汽车材料中铅、镉的检测方法
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QCT 943-2013
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标准编号: QC/T 943-2013 (QC/T943-2013)
中文名称: 汽车材料中铅、镉的检测方法
英文名称: Test methods of lead and cadmium in automobiles materials
行业: 汽车行业标准 (推荐)
中标分类: T05
国际标准分类: 43.020
字数估计: 16,121
引用标准: GB/T 602; GB/T 4336-2002; GB/T 7999-2007; GB/T 8170; GB/T 20066; GB/T 30512-2014; GB/Z 21277-2007; YS/T 482-2005; IEC 62321-2008
起草单位: 东风汽车有限公司
归口单位: 全国汽车标准化技术委员会
标准依据: 工业和信息化部公告2013年第52号;行业标准备案公告2013年第12号(总第168号)
范围: 本标准规定了汽车材料中铅、锅含量的检测方法。“X射线荧光光谱法”适用于筛选和快速判定汽车材料中铅、镉的含量。“光电直读光谱法测定钢铁、铜及铜合金、铝及铝合金材料中的铅、镉”适用于定量检测汽车材料中钢铁、铜及铜合金、铝及铝合金棒状或块状材料中铅、锅元素的含量。“原子吸收光谱法、电感祸耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法或电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定汽车材料中铅、镉含量”适用于定量检测汽车材料中铅、镉的含量。
QC/T 943-2013: 汽车材料中铅、镉的检测方法
QC/T 943-2013 英文名称: Test methods of lead and cadmium in automobiles materials
中 华人 民 共 和 国 汽 车 行 业 标 准
QC/T943—2013
汽车材料中铅、镉的检测方法
1 范围
本标准规定了汽车材料中铅、镉含量的检测方法。
“X 射线荧光光谱法”适用于筛选和快速判定汽车材料中铅、镉的含量。
“光电直读光谱法测定钢铁、铜及铜合金、铝及铝合金材料中的铅、镉”适用于定量检测汽车材
料中钢铁、铜及铜合金、铝及铝合金棒状或块状材料中铅、镉元素的含量。
“原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法或电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定汽车材
料中铅、镉含量”适用于定量检测汽车材料中铅、镉的含量。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本
文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
3 X 射线荧光光谱法
3.1原 理
将制备好的样品置于X 射线荧光光谱仪样品室内，按所选定的分析模式对样品中的铅、镉含量
进行X 射线荧光光谱分析，并根据筛选限值判断样品中铅、镉含量是否合格，以及是否需要进行精确
测定。
3.2试剂和材料
3.2.1硼酸：分析纯，105℃烘1h,置于干燥器内储存。
3.2.2 含铅、镉元素的标准物质。
3.3仪器和设备
3.3.1X 射线荧光光谱仪。
3.3.2切割机。
3.3.3粉碎设备：粉碎机，研磨机。
3.3.4压片机：工作压力不小于20MPa。
3.4 样品制备
3.4.1样品制备的原则。
3.4.1.1用于测试的样品必须覆盖光谱仪的测量窗口。
3.4.1.2 样品的照射面应能代表样品整体。
3.4.1.3 样品制备过程中应注意防止污染。
3.4.2样品制备方法。
3.4.2.1 固体样品。均质样品可直接于X 射线荧光光谱仪测定，样品的大小必须满足X 射线荧光 光谱仪的要求。
如果样品太大，需将其加工成φ10mm~φ40mm, 且表面平整光滑。
非均质样品不能直接测试，应取具有代表性样品用粉碎机或研磨机将其制成粒径不超过1mm
的粉末状样品，混匀，以硼酸衬底压片制样，厚度不小于5mm.
3.4.2.2液体样品。移取一定体积的液体样品至液体专用塑料杯内，样品杯底部用6mm 厚的聚酯 膜支撑，
杯上要有带孔的塑料盖盖住，样品厚度不小于15mm。
3.5分析步骤
3.5.1仪器准备。
按照仪器的操作规程开启仪器，并预热至仪器稳定。
3.5.2 分析谱线。
3.5.3工作曲线绘制。
选择与被测样品基体相匹配且不少于5个点的不同含量的铅、镉标准物质，按照X 射线荧光光 谱仪的测量条件，
测定标准物质中铅、镉元素的荧光强度，根据标准物质所给定的标准值和光谱仪所
测得的荧光强度值绘制工作曲线。
3.5.4 校验。
在每次测试样品前，应用含铅、镉元素的标准物质(3.2.2)校正工作曲线。
3.5.5 样品测试。
将制备好的样品放入样品室内，按选定的模式对样品进行分析，每个样品至少分析两次。
3.6 结果分析
3.6.1 结果计算。
将测得的铅、镉元素的谱线强度，按选定的分析模式计算出样品中铅、镉元素的含量。
3.6.2 铅、镉元素的筛选。
GB/T 30512—2014 中规定，铅、镉限值质量分数分别为0. 1%和0.01%(1000mg/kg 和100
mg/kg)。 根据表1 中铅、镉元素的筛选限值，对汽车材料中的铅、镉元素进行筛选，结果有三种情况：
合格(P) 铅、镉元素的测试结果低于设定的最低限值，则结果为合格：
不合格(F)—— 铅、镉元素的测试结果高于设定的最高限值，则结果为不合格。
不确定(X)—— 铅、镉元素的测试结果在设定的最低限值和最高限值之间，则结果为不确定，需
按本标准其他方法进一步定量测试。
3.6.3 测试结果报告。
取测试结果的算术平均值报告结果，单位为质量百分数(%)或毫克/千克(mg/kg)。
根据筛选限值判定样品中铅、镉元素的含量是否合格，以及是否需要进一步测试。
4 光电直读光谱法测定钢铁、铜及铜合金、铝及铝合金材料中的铅、镉
4.1 光电直读光谱法测定钢铁、铜及铜合金、铝及铝合金材料中的铅、镉方法的测定范围见表2.
4.2 原理
将加工好的试样经光源激发后，所辐射的光经入射狭缝到分光系统色散成光谱，对选定的光谱 线经光电转换系统及测量系统进行光电转换并测量谱线的强度，依据相应的标准物质(标准样品)
制作的工作曲线测出试样中铅、镉元素的质量分数。
4.3 辅助材料
4.3.1标准物质(标准样品):应是国家级或公认的权威标准物质(标准样品)。原则上标准物质 (标准样品)应与分析试样的化学组成及冶金铸造过程基本一致。
4.3.2 控制样品：具有准确定值的并与待测试样具有相近基体、相近组织结构的标准样品。
4.4 仪器和设备
4.4.1 光电直读光谱仪。
4.4.2 试样加工设备：砂轮机(砂纸磨盘、砂带研磨机),车床或铣床。
4.5 样品制备
按照GB/T 20066 的要求进行取制样。所取样品表面应保证能够不重叠地激发两点，并且要完
全覆盖激发孔，以保证激发室不漏气，试样厚度应保证激发后不被击穿。
试样分析面用砂轮机(砂纸磨盘、砂带研磨机)、车床或铣床加工成光洁的平面，试样车削时可
4.6 分析步骤
4.6.1开机按仪器说明书要求进行，并预热至仪器稳定。
4.6.2分析前，先用一块样品连续激发且重现性良好，确认仪器处于最佳工作状态。
4.6.3根据试样的材质种类选择相应合适的标准物质(标准样品)。
4.6.4根据试样的种类和合金牌号选择分析程序。
4.6.5分析曲线的漂移校正：根据待测试样种类，选择控制样品，将控制样品连续激发且重现性良好，取其平均值存储，
以确认所使用的分析曲线是否漂移。
4.6.6样品分析。
试样至少激发测定两次，数据稳定时取其平均值作为分析结果，含量以质量分数(%)表示。数
4.7 精密度
4.7.1 重复性。
在重复性条件下获得的11次独立测试结果的测定值，在以下给出的测定范围内这11个测试结
果的相对标准偏差不超过表3的规定。
QC/T 943‐2013
QC
ICS 43.020
T 05
INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Test methods of lead and cadmium in
automobiles materials
ISSUED ON. OCTOBER 17, 2013
IMPLEMENTED ON. MARCH 1, 2014
Issued by. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the
People’s Republic of China
Announcement of ministry of Industry and Information
Technology of the People's Republic of China
No. 52 in 2013
“Methyl Butenol Polyether” and other 811 industrial standards are approved by the
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. In which - Chemical industry standard.
149 items; non-ferrous industry standard. 105 items; gold industry standard. 5 items;
metallurgical industry standard. 15 items; building materials industry standard. 3 items;
machinery industry standard. 39 items; aviation industry standard. 69 items; shipbuilding
industry standard 53 items; automobile industry standard. 42 items; textile industry
standard. 63 items; light industry standard. 59 items; petrochemical industry standard. 42
items; civil explosive industry standard. 1 item; electronics industry standard. 50 items;
communications industry standard. 116 items.
Above chemical industry standards are published by Chemical Industry Press; textiles,
non-ferrous and gold industry standards are published by China Standard Press;
metallurgical industry standards are published by Metallurgical Industry Press; building
materials industry standards are published by the Building Materials Industry Press;
machinery industry standards are published by Machinery Industry Press; the aviation
industry standards are published by China Aviation Integrated Technical Institute
Organization; the shipbuilding industry standards are published by China Shipbuilding
Technology and Economy Institute Organization; the automobile industry standards are
published by the China Planning Press; light industry standards are published by China
Light Industry Press; the petrochemical industry standard is published by the China
Petrochemical Press; civil explosive industry standards are published by China Ordnance
Industry Standard Institute Organization; electronic industry standards are published by
the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and electronics industry
Standardization Institute organization; communication industry standards are published by
the People's Posts and Telecom Press.
Annex. The Standard number, standard name and initial implementation date of 42
automobile industries.
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China
October 17, 2013
Attachment.
Number, Name and Initial Implementation Date of the 42
Automobile Industry Standards
S/N Standard No. Standard Name Replaced Standard No.
Implementation
Date
355 QC/T 253-2013
Preparation Methods for Engine
Model used in Motorcycles and
Mopeds
QC/T 253-1998 2014-03-01
356 QC/T 682-2013 Seats Used in Motorcycles and Mopeds QC/T 682-2002 2014-03-01
357 QC/T 229-2013 Technical Conditions for Rotor Pump of Motorcycles and Mopeds QC/T 229-1997 2014-03-01
358 QC/T 952-2013 Disc Wheels for Passenger Car — Dimensional of Attachment on Hub 2014-03-01
359 QC/T 953-2013 Commercial Road Vehicles－Flat Attachment Wheel Fixing Nuts 2014-03-01
360 QC/T 954-2013
Commercial Vehicles－Flat
Attachment Fixing Nuts－Test
Methods
2014-03-01
361 QC/T 258-2013 Test Methods for the Intensity of Vehicle Wheels and Screw Base QC/T 258-1998 2014-03-01
362 QC/T 199-2013 Vehicle Wheels - Balance Weight QC/T 199-1995 2014-03-01
363 QC/T 326-2013 Numbering Rules for Automobile Standardized Parts QC/T 326-1999 2014-03-01
364 QC/T 955-2013 Auto Leveling Device of Special Purpose Vehicle 2014-03-01
365 QC/T 956-2013 Transport Vehicle for Dry-mixed Mortar 2014-03-01
366 QC/T 957-2013 Cleaning Sweeper Truck 2014-03-01
367 QC/T 29104-2013
Contamination by Solid Particles of
Special Purpose Vehicle Hydraulic
System
QC/T
29104-1992 2014-03-01
368 QC/T 29105.3-2013
Sampling Methods of Testing
Particulate Contamination of
Hydraulic Oil of Special Purpose
QC/T
29105.3-1992 2014-03-01
369 QC/T 718-2013 Truck Mounted Concrete Pump QC/T 718-2004 2014-03-01
370 QC/T 439-2013 Swept-body Dump Truck QC/T 439-1999 QC/T 440-1999 2014-03-01
371 QC/T 935-2013 Kitchen Garbage Vehicle 2014-03-01
372 QC/T 939-2013 Technical Qualifications of Front Discharge Truck 2014-03-01
373 QC/T 457-2013 Ambulance QC/T 457-2002 2014-03-01
374 QC/T 936-2013 Detachable Container Garbage Collector 2014-03-01
375 QC/T 937-2013 Guardrail Repair Car 2014-03-01
377 QC/T 958-2013
Performance Requirements and
Bench Test Methods of Automobile
Vacuum Pump
2014-03-01
378 QC/T 592-2013 Performance Requirements and Bench Test Methods for Hydraulic QC/T 592-1999 2014-03-01
Brake Caliper Assembly
379 QC/T 959-2013
Performance Requirements and
Parking Brake Lever Assembly
2014-03-01
380 QC/T 960.1-2013
Road Vehicle- Hydraulic Braking
Systems – Part 1. Double – Flare
Pipes, Tapped Holes, Male Fittings
and Tube Seats
2014-03-01
381 QC/T 961-2013
Bench Test Methods for Plastic Liquid
Storage Tank of Hydraulic Braking
Systems
2014-03-01
382 QC/T 949-2013 Specification for Audio Player on Board 2014-03-01
383 QC/T 951-2013 Circuits-breaker for Automobiles 2014-03-01
384 QC/T 490-2013 Drawings for Motor Vehicle Body QC/T 490-2000 2014-03-01
385 QC/T 950-2013 Performance Requirement and Test of Heating Car Cushion 2014-03-01
386 QC/T 948-2013 Roof Load Carriers for Road Vehicles 2014-03-01
388 QC/T 945-2013 Passenger Vehicle Air-conditioning Unit 2014-03-01
389 QC/T 627-2013 Electronic Locks System for Motor Vehicles QC/T 627-1999 2014-03-01
390 QC/T 662-2013 Vehicle Air Conditioner (HFC-134a) Receiver Dryer QC/T 662-2000 2014-03-01
391 QC/T 947-2013 Technology Standards for Vehicle Auto-Dimming Rearview Mirror 2014-03-01
392 QC/T 941-2013 Test Methods of Mercury in Automobiles Materials 2014-03-01
393 QC/T 943-2013 Test Methods of Lead and Cadmium in Automotive Materials 2014-03-01
394 QC/T 942-2013 Test methods of Hexavalent Chromium in Automobiles Materials 2014-03-01
395 QC/T 944-2013
Determination of Polybrominated
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers
(PBDEs) in Automobiles Material
2014-03-01
396 QC/T 938-2013
Test Specification of Protection for
Pedestrians in the Event of a
Collision
2014-03-01
Table of Contents
1 Scope ... 8
2 Normative references ... 8
3 X-ray fluorescence spectrometry ... 9
4 Measure the lead and cadmium in the materials of steel, copper and
copper alloy, aluminum and aluminum alloy - photoelectric direct reading
spectrometry ... 11
5 Atomic absorption spectrometry, inductive coupling plasma atomic
emission spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry - measure lead and cadmium ... 14
Annex A (Informative) Instrument operating conditions ... 20
Foreword
This Standard is drafted in accordance with the provisions set out in the GB/T 1.1-2009
Directives for Standardization - Part 1. Structure and Drafting of Standards.
This Standard includes Method I, Method II and Method III.
Method I of this Standard. "X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for Rapid Screening of
Lead, Cadmium in Automobiles Materials" is prepared with reference to GB/Z 21277-2007
Rapid Screening of Lead, Mercury, Chromium, Cadmium and Bromine of Regulated
Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment -- X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry.
Determination of Lead, Cadmium in Steel, Copper and Copper Alloys, Aluminum and
Aluminum-Alloys" is prepared with reference to GB/T 4336-2002 Method for Spark
Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometric Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel
(routine method), GB/T 7999-2007 Optical Emission Spectrometric Analysis Method of
Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, and YS/T 482-2005 Methods for Analysis of Copper and
Copper Alloys — the Atomic Emission Spectrometry.
Method III of this Standard. ”Methods of atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively
coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, or inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry for the determination of lead, cadmium in automobiles materials” is prepared
Regulated Substances (lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated
biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers) Content Determination.
Annex A of this Standard is informative.
This Standard was proposed and shall be centralized by the National Automotive
Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 114).
Main Participating drafting organizations of this Standard. Dongfeng Motor Co., Ltd, China
Automotive Technology and Research Center, Centre Testing International Corporation,
SG...
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