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电动汽车用锌空气电池
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标准编号: QC/T 990-2014 (QC/T990-2014) 中文名称: 电动汽车用锌空气电池 英文名称: Zinc-air batteries for electric road vehicle 行业: 汽车行业标准 (推荐) 中标分类: T47 国际标准分类: 43.080 字数估计: 16,133 发布日期: 2014/7/9 实施日期: 2014/11/1 引用标准: GB/T 2900.41-2008; GB/T 19596-2004; GB/T 2423.17-2008 起草单位: 武汉泓元伟力新能源科技有限公司 归口单位: 全国汽车标准化技术委员会 标准依据: 工业和信息化部公告2014年第47号;行业标准备案公告2015年第2号(总第182号) 发布机构: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China 范围: 本标准规定了电动汽车用锌空气电池(以下简称电池)的术语和定义、符号及释义, 要求, 试验方法, 检验规则, 标志、包装、运输、存储。本标准适用于以机械更换式作为能量补充方式的电动车用锌空气电池。
QC/T 990-2014: 电动汽车用锌空气电池
QC/T 990-2014 英文名称: Zinc-air batteries for electric road vehicle
中华人民共和国汽车行业标准
QC/T 990-2014
电动汽车用锌空气电池
中华人民共和国工业和信息化部 发布
1 范围
本标准规定了电动汽车用锌空气电池(以下简称电池)的术语和定义, 符号及释义, 要求, 试验方法,检验规则,标志、包装、运输、储存。
本标准适用于以机械更换式作为能量补充方式的电动汽车用辞空气电池。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。
凡是注日期的引用文件, 其 随后所有的修改(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准,
然而, 凡是不注日期的引 用文件,其最新版本适用于本标准。
GB/T 2900.41-2008 电工术语 原电池和蓄电池
GB/T 19596-2004 电动汽车术语(lS0 8713: 2002 , NEQ)
GB/T 2423.17-2008 电工电子产品环境试验第 2 部分:试验方法 试验 Ka: 盐雾
3 术语和定义
GB/T 2900.41-2008 和 GB/T 19596-2004 界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本标准。
5 要求
5.1 单体电池
5.1.1 外观
按照 6.2. 1 检验, 电池外观应光洁、完整、 无变形、 无锈蚀斑迹, 无裂纹、无碱液, 且 标志标识清晰、正确。
5.1.2 极性标识门
按照 6.2.2 检验,电池端子极性标识应正确。
5.1.3 外形尺寸及质量
按 6.2.3 检验时,电池外形尺寸、质量应符合企业提供的产品技术条件。 5.1.4 倾倒性。
按照 6.2.4 检验,电池不得出现漏液现象。
5.1.5 放电性能。
按照 6.2.5 检验,以 I 5 放电, 放电容量平均值不得少于标称容量的95%;以 I 3 放电, 放
电容量平均值不得少于额定容量的 65% 。
5.1.6 低温特性。
按照 6.2.6 检验,电池在承受规定条件下的试验时, 电池放电容量不得低于初始额定容 量的 60% ,且端子、外观完好。
5.1.7 高温特性。
按照 6.2.7 检验, 电池在承受规定条件下的试验时, 电池放电容量不得低于初始额定容
量的 80% ,且端子、外观完好。
5.1.8 荷电保持能力。
按照 6.2.8 检验,测量到的电池容量应不低于锁定容量的 80%。
5.1.9 空气正极工作寿命。
按照 6.2.9 检验,在承受规定条件的试验时,空气正极工作的寿命应不少于 300 次循环。
5.1.10 安全性及可靠性。
5.1.10.1 按 6.2.10.2 进行短路试验时,应不爆炸、不起火、不漏液。
5.1.10.2 按 6.2.10.3 进行跌落试验时,应不爆炸、不起火。
5.1.10.3 按 6.2.10.4 进行加热试验时,应不爆炸、不起火。
5.1.10.4 按 6.2.10.5 进行过放电试验时,应不爆炸、不起火、不漏液。
5.1.10.5 按 6.2.10.6 进行盐雾试验时, 应不爆炸、不起火;连接片每 1m² 范围, 连接片锈 蚀斑点小于或等于 2mm² ,且不多于 2 处。
5.2 电池模块
5.2.1 外观。
按照 6.3.2 检验, 电池外观应光洁、完整、无碰伤变形、元锈蚀斑迹, 无裂纹、无碱液, 且标志、标识清晰、正确。
5.2.2 极性标识。
按照 6.3.3 检验,电池端子极性标识应正确。
5.2.3 外形尺寸及质量。
按照 6.3.4 检验时,电池外形尺寸、质量应符合企业提供的产品技术条件。 5.2.4 倾倒性。
按照 6.3.5 检验,电池不得出现漏液现象。
5.2.5 放电性能。
按照 6.3.6 检验,以 I 5 放电,放电容量不得少于标称容量的 90% ;以 I3 放电,放电容 量不得少于额定容量的 60% 。
5.2.6 安全性及可靠性。
5.2.6.1 按 6.3.7.1 进行短路试验时,应不爆炸、不起火.
5.2.6.2 按 6.3.7.2 进行挤压试验时,应不爆炸、不起火。
5.2.6.3 按 6.3.7.3 进行跌落试验时,应不爆炸、不起火。
5.2.6.4 按 6.3.7.4 进行加热试验时,应不爆炸、不起火。
5.2.6.5 按 6.3.7.5 进行过放电试验时,应不爆炸、不起火、不漏液。
5.2.6.6 按照 6.3.7.6 检验时,产品应能具备必要的耐振动性。在承受规定条件下的试验时, 其放电电压应无异常,且无机械损伤,无漏液,不产生起火、爆炸现象。
6 试验方法
6.1 试验条件
6.1.1 环境条件。
除另有规定外,试验应在如下的环境条件下进行:
a) 试验温度 25℃±2℃。
b) 相对湿度:25%-85%。
c) 大气压力:86kPa -106kPa。
d) 供气量:试验中为锌空气电池提供的供气量应大于理论所需供气量的 4 倍,或满足厂家提出供气量要求。 锌空气电池理论所需供气量为:
6.1.2 检测仪器、仪表、器具的精度见表 1
6.1.3 1 单体电池或电池模块样品的准备。
试验应在锌电极制好后 1 个月内进行。试验前后所有电池壳内应注入电解液并静置 24h 以上。在浸泡好的所有电池壳内换注新电解液,
并放入待测锌电极,应为满荷电状态。
6.2 单体电池试验
6.2.1 外观。
目测检查
6.2.2 极性
用电压表检查被试电池的端电压,是否与端子极性标识一致。
6.2.3 外形尺寸及质量。
6.2.3.2 用通用或专用衡器衡量单体电池的质量。
6.2.4 倾倒性。
将被测单体电池产品由高度方向(Y 向),沿水平方向(X 向)倾倒90°, 持续时间 30s,目 测检查。
6.2.5 放电性能试验
在 25℃±2℃下:
a) 单体电池以 I 5 放电, 终止电压为 0.8V,测量其放电时间, 计算放电容量 C5 ,更换负 极和电解液,重复测试 3 次,计算放电容量平均值。
b) 单体电池以 I3 放电, 终止电压为 0.8V,测量其放电时间, 计算放电容量 C3 ,更换负 极和电解液,重复测试 3 次,计算放电容量平均值。
6.2.6 低温试验。
将被试单体电池样品置于温度为-20℃± 2℃环境试验箱内 12h ,然后以 I5 放电,终止电 压 0.6V ,测量其放电时间,计算其放电容量,并目测电池外观和两极端子。
将被试单体电池样品置于温度为 55℃±2℃环境试验箱内 4h ,然后以 I5 放电,终止电压 为 0.8V ,测量其放电时间;计算其放电容量,并目测电池外观和两极端子。
6.2.8 荷电保持能力试验。
在规定的试验常规环境条件下, 将被试单体电池样品常温静置 7d 后, 测出该电池的实 际容量 C5 ' ,并按式(2)计算荷电保持能力 H。
6.2.9 空气正极工作寿命。
空气正极工作寿命试验按如下步骤进行:
a) 单体电池更换锌电极和电解液。
b) 搁置 20min 。
c) 将被试单体电池样品以 I 5 (A) 恒流放电到终止电压 0.7V。
d) 重复步骤a) - c) 为一个循环,循环 300 次或发现有明显的电解液滴漏[即空气阴极(30 ×30) mm² 面积内,多于两处渗出电解液]。
6.2.10 安全性及可靠性试验。
6.2.10.1 通则。
所有安全试验均在有充分环境保护的条件下进行,如果有主动保护线路,应除去。
6.2.10.2 短路试验。
单体电池按 6.1.3 机械更换满荷电后, 在 25℃ :t 2℃试验环境条件下搁置 30min ,用一 个适当的导体(电阻小于或等于 5mΩ),
直接将电池的正极端子和负极端子强制短路 50s。观 察 1h。
6.2.10.3 跌落试验。
单体电池按 6.1.3 机械更换满荷电后, 在 25℃± 2℃条件下搁置 30min ,单体电池端子
向下,从 1. 5m 高度处, 自由跌落到水泥地面上,观察 1h。
加热试验按照如下步骤进行:
a) 单体电池按 6. 1. 3 机械更换满荷电。
b) 将单体电池放入温箱,温箱按照 5℃/min 的速率升温至 130℃± 2℃ ,并保持此温度 30min 后停止加热。
c) 观察 1h。
6.2.10.5 过放电试验。
过放电试验按照如下步骤进行:
a) 单体电池按 6. 1. 3 机械更换满荷电。
b) 单体电池以 2I3 (A)电流放电直至单体电池电压为0V 后,继续以 2I3 (A)强制放电 30min。
c) 观察 1h。
盐雾试验按照如下步骤进行:
a) 单体电池按 6.1.3 机械更换满荷电。
b) 按照 GB/T 2423.17-2008 中的试验 Ka: 盐雾试骄方法的规定进行,连续雾化时间 24h。
6.3 电池模块试验
6.3.1 试验条件。
测试用电池模块样品满足如下条件:
a) 总电压不低于单体电池电压的 5 倍。
b) 电池模块额定容量不低于单体电池额定容量。
6.3.2 外观
6.3.2.2 目测检查被试电池模块标志是否齐全、清晰、正确。
6.3.3 极性标识。
用电压表检测被试电池模块的端电压,是否与端子极性标识一致。
6.3.4 外形尺寸及质量。
6.3.4.1 用量具测量电池模块的外形尺寸。
6.3.4.2 用衡器称量电池模块的质量。
6.3.5 倾倒性。
将被试电池模块产品由高度方向(Y 向) ,沿水平方向(X 向)倾倒 90° ,持续时间 30s , 目 测检查。
QC/T 990-2014
QC
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.080
T 47
Zinc-air Batteries for Electric Road Vehicle
ISSUED ON. JULY 9, 2014
IMPLEMENTED ON. NOVEMBER 1, 2014
Issued by. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the
People's Republic of China
Ministry of Industry and Information
Technology of the People's Republic of China
Announcement
No. 47 of 2014
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has approved 676 industrial
standards including Blister Packaging Machine (see Attachment for standard
numbers, names, main contents and initial implementation dates), including 394
mechanical industry standards (including 16 standards of pharmaceutical
equipment), 1 automotive industry standard, 41 aviation industry standards, 135 light
industry standards, 37 textile industry standards, 4 packaging standards, 42
chemical industry standards, 6 petrochemical industry standards, 4 non-ferrous
industry standards, 7 metallurgical standards, 2 building material industry standards,
1 electronic industry standard, 2 communication industry standards.
The mechanical industry standards are published by China Machine Press; the
standards of automotive, pharmaceutical equipment and packaging industry are
published by China Planning Press; the aviation industry standards are published
under the organization of AVIC China Aero-polytechnology Establishment; the light
industry standards are published by China Light Industry Press; the standards of
textile and non-ferrous industry are published by China Standards Press; the
chemical industry standards are published by Chemical Industry Press; the
petrochemical industry standards are published by China Petrochemcial Press; the
metallurgical industry standards are published by Metallurgical Industry Press; the
building material industry standards are published by China Building Materials Press;
the electronic industry standard is published under the organization of China
Electronics Standardization Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information
Technology; the communication industry standard is published by Posts and
Telecom Press.
Attachment. Number, name and initial implementation date of 1 automotive industry
standard.
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People 's Republic of
China
July 9, 2014
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 5
1 Application Scope ... 6
2 Normative References ... 6
3 Terms and Definitions ... 6
4 Symbols and Definitions ... 7
5 Requirements ... 8
6 Test Method ... 10
7 Inspection Rules ... 18
8 Marking, Packaging, Transportation and Storage ... 20
Zinc-air Batteries for Electric Road Vehicle
1 Application Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, symbols and definitions,
requirements, test method and marking, packaging, transportation and storage of
zinc-air batteries for electric road vehicle (hereinafter referred to as batteries).
This standard applies to zinc-air batteries for electric road vehicle using mechanical
switching as the energy supplement method.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard
through reference in this Standard. For dated references, the subsequent
amendments (excluding corrigendum) or revisions do not apply to this Standard,
however, parties who reach an agreement based on this Standard are encouraged
to study if the latest versions of these documents are applicable. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies.
GB/T 2900.41-2008, Electrotechnical Terminology - Primary and Secondary Cells
and Batteries
GB/T 19596-2004, Terminology of Electric Vehicles (ISO 8713.2002, NEQ)
Part 2. Test Method – Test Ka. Salt Mist
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this Standard, those defined in GB/T 2900.41-2008 and GB/T
19596-2004 and the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
zinc-air battery
a device which transforms chemical energy into electric energy using the oxygen in
the air as positive active material, zinc metal as negative active material and alkaline
solution as electrolyte.
5.1 Cell
5.1.1 Appearance
Carry out inspection in accordance with 6.2.1. The appearance of battery shall be
clean, intact without deformation, rust, crack or alkali liquor. Marking shall be clear,
correct.
5.1.2 Polarity marking
Carry out inspection in accordance with 6.2.2. Marking for the polarities of battery
terminals shall be correct.
5.1.3 Shape, dimensions and mass
battery shall meet the specifications of the products supplied by the manufacturer.
5.1.4 Tilting
Carry out inspection in accordance with 6.2.4. Battery shall have no leakage.
5.1.5 Discharge performance
Carry out inspection in accordance with 6.2.5. When using I5 to discharge, the mean
value of discharge capacity shall not be less than 95% of nominal capacity; when
using I3 to discharge, the mean value of discharge capacity shall not be less than 65%
of rated capacity.
5.1.6 Low-temperature performance
under specified conditions, the discharge capacity of battery shall not be less than 60%
of the initial rated capacity; the terminals and appearance shall be intact.
5.1.7 High-temperature performance
Carry out inspection in accordance with 6.2.7. When battery is subjected to the test
under specified conditions, the discharge capacity of battery shall not be less than 80%
of the initial rated capacity; the terminals and appearance shall be intact.
5.1.8 Charge retention
Carry out inspection in accordance with 6.3.5, battery shall not have leakage.
5.2.5 Discharge performance
discharge capacity shall not be less than 90% of nominal capacity; when using I3 to
discharge, the discharge capacity shall not be less than 60% of rated capacity.
5.2.6 Safety and reliability
5.2.6.1 When short-circuit test is carried out in accordance with 6.3.7.1, there shall
be no explosion or fire.
5.2.6.2 When squeeze test is carried out in accordance with 6.3.7.2, there shall be
no explosion or fire.
5.2.6.3 When drop test is carried out in accordance with 6.3.7.3, there shall be no
explosion or fire.
no explosion or fire.
5.2.6.5 When overdischarge test is carried out in accordance with 6.3.7.5, there
shall be no explosion, fire or leakage.
5.2.6.6 When inspection is carried out in accordance with 6.3.7.6, product shall
have necessary vibration resistance capacity. When subjected to the test under
specified conditions, its discharge voltage shall be free from abnormalities and
without mechanical damage, leakage, fire and explosion.
6 Test Method
6.1 Test conditions
Unless specified otherwise, the test shall be carried out under the following
environmental conditions.
a) test temperature 25°C ± 2°C.
b) relative humidity. 25% ~ 85%.
c) atmospheric pressure. 86 kPa ~ 106 kPa.
6.2.2 Polarity
Use a voltmeter to measure the terminal voltage of battery to be tested to determine
whether it conforms to the marking of terminal polarity.
6.2.3 Shape, dimensions and mass
external dimensions of cells.
6.2.3.2 Use a general-purpose or special-purpose to weigh the mass of cells.
6.2.4 Tilting
Tilt cells to be tested 90° along the horizontal direction (X direction) from the height
direction (Y direction); maintain it for 30 s; carry out visual inspection.
6.2.5 Discharge performance test
At 25°C ± 2°C.
a) cells discharge at I5 until final voltage is 0.8 V. measure their discharge time,
calculate discharge capacity C5, replace negative electrode and electrolyte,
b) cells discharge at I3 until final voltage is 0.8 V. measure their discharge time,
calculate discharge capacity C3, replace negative electrode and electrolyte,
repeat testing for 3 times and calculate the mean value of discharge capacity.
6.2.6 Low-temperature test
Place the cell samples to be tested in a test chamber for 12 h at - 20°C ± 2°C;
discharge at I5 until final voltage is 0.6 V. Measure their discharge time, calculate
their discharge capacity and carry out visual inspection for the appearance of battery
and the terminals of two poles.
6.2.7 High-temperature test
I5 until final voltage is 0.8 V. Measure their discharge time, calculate their discharge
capacity and carry out visual inspection for the appearance of battery and the
terminals of two poles...
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